BIOL 3361 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Protease, Enzyme Inhibitor, Metabolic Pathway
Document Summary
Regulation through negative feedback: stress/disturbance changes internal environment, change is detected by receptors, corrective measures are activated, corrective measures counteract the change back toward set point. Abundance and activity can be regulated to match requirements. Velocity: determined by concentrations of substrate and cofactors (cofactors: metal ions/organic coenzymes) =[] =[][] as ratio of [p]/[s] reaches keq, no further rxn is apparent. Insulin: signals cells to take up glucose from the blood. Type 1: no insulin is released, glucose remains high, treatment: injection of exogenous insulin. Type 2: insulin is released, but cells do not recognize it, treatment: drugs that increase cell sensitivity. Synthesis of an inactive precursor (zymogen or proenzyme) Activation: proteolytic cleavage of peptide bonds (irreversible) Insulin: insulin activation: removal of connecting peptide ( c-peptide ) (31-65, active form has 2 chains and 3 disulfide bonds, proinsulin: inactive form (86 amino acids)
