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BSCI-1510L Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Exponential Growth, Logistic Function, Statistical Hypothesis Testing

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violethyena861
9 May 2016
School
Vanderbilt University
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BSCI-1510L
Professor
Baskauf Steven

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Document Summary

Describe how adding carrying capacity to an exponential growth model affects the shape and range of the function which describes the model. Adding carrying capacity causes the exponential graph to stop increasing and level off, the population growth rate declines when resources become limited, so population size levels off with increasing generations. Describe how the intrinsic rate of growth, r, is modified to change the exponential growth model to logistic growth, or to include time lags. Exponential growth, r keeps increasing with no cut off, for time lags, the r drops to zero then goes back up then goes back down to zero. Describe how the intrinsic rate of growth, r, is modified to model two-species competition in the lotka-volterra model. When there are two species present, one can cause the r of another to decrease while it continues to reach its own carrying capacity.

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Related Questions

Question :Mutations that cause sickness and/or death after reproduction has occurred:

Question 1

options: can be passed on to future generations.

will not be passed on to future generations. are unlikely to occur.

are only passed on to future generations in species that have short life spans.

Question 2

In a population exhibiting logistic growth, what happens when the carrying capacity is exceeded?

Question 2 options:

The growth rate becomes zero until the population is back within the carrying capacity.

The growth rate becomes negative until the population is back within the carrying capacity.

The population crashes and becomes extinct.

The population's fertility drops to zero.

Question 3 How does exponential growth differ from logistic growth?

Question 3 options:

Logistic growth models take the population's age structure into account.

Long-term exponential growth is more commonly observed than long-term logistic growth in nature.

The logistic model of growth incorporates environmental limitations on population size.

Logistic growth generally comes with infinite expansion.

Question 4 Density-dependent and density-independent growth factors influence the size of a population by causing changes in the:

Question 4 options:

death rate and pattern of dispersion.

birth rate and death rate.

age structure and birth rate.

carrying capacity and age structure.

Question 5 The life history of an organism does not include the organism's

Question 5 options:

reproduction

All of these are included in an organism's life history.

death

birth

PLEASE ANSWER IN PARAGRAPH FORM CORRECTLY. I appreciate it.

1. A) Describe what SexualSelection is and B) explain how it differs fromNatural Selection

2. Research a behavior in an animal andA) explain the ultimate causes of that behaviorand B) list the proximate causes of it.

3. “The southern gastric broodingfrog was discovered in 1972 and properly described in 1981. Intenseinterest followed and in the same year it had disappeared in thewild, shortly followed by the last captive specimen's death in1983. The interest was primarily due to the frog's unusualreproductive method. The female swallows her eggs and turns herstomach into a womb, vomiting up her young when they are grown. Theloss of her stomach means she doesn't eat while they develop, andher new womb bloats so much it causes her lungs to collapse(meaning she has to breathe through her skin). On the other handanother species of frog, the Túngara frog, lay their eggs in a pondand leaves them to develop on their own without any parental care”(www.facebook.com/evolutionarybiology - like). A)Compare the gastric brooding frog and the Túngara in terms of howthey balance the trade-off of quality vs. quantity of offspring(are they each K-selected or r-selected?). B) Whatother life-history traits (include: life span, number of offspringproduced, age at reproduction, reproductive events per lifetime) doyou expect to find differences between gastric brooding frog or theTúngara frog? Explain.

4. A) Explain why one can argue that humanswere K-selected species before the industrial revolution and now inmodern times see to be r-selected (in your explanation include theterms: carrying capacity, rate of population growth).B) However, in developed countries, the number ofoffspring produced per couple is decreasing every year, the age offirst time mothers in increasing (they are older when they havetheir first baby) and the cost of investment per offspring isincreasing (for example college tuition!). Explain what effectwould that have in the model of population growth in developedcountries (do you expect them to be more K-selected or r-selected?)Make sure to support your argument. C)Can human population increase forever? (use the terms: carryingcapacity, population growth, density-dependent anddensity-independent factors).

5. Study the figure below (published in Kwanoet al. 2002). The x-axis of the figure shows different locations atdifferent altitudes, with altitude decreasing from left to right(W. Java has the highest altitude, W. Mindanao has the lowest). They-axis represents the range of body length for beetles found ateach location. Two species of closely related rhinoceros beetlesinhabit Southeast Asia: Chalcosoma caucasus andChalcosoma atlas. One species, C. atlas (whiteboxes in the figure), is more common in low altitude, while C.caucasus (filled boxes in the figure) is more common in higheraltitudes. However, they overlap at intermediate altitude (fromLampung to E. Thailand). The graph shows the body length of eachspecies in allopatric and sympatric locations. What ecologicalphenomenon can explain the differences between the allopatric (whenonly one species lives in that location) and sympatric (when bothspecies live in the same location) populations? Please explain yourargument, you MUST include the terms: competition, competitiveexclusion, realized niche, fundamental niche, resource-partitioning& character displacement).