PSYC 302 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Puberty, Emerging Adulthood And Early Adulthood, Testicle
PSYC 302
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Overview of Developmental Psychology
● Development Domains
○ Biological: physical and biological changes; influences cognitive/socioemotional
processes
○ Socioemotional: changes in relationships, emotions, personality, social contexts;
influences biological/cognitive processes
○ Cognitive: changes in thinking, rationalizing, perception; influences
biological/socioemotional processes
● Developmental influence
○ Nature: genetics, heredity, etc.
○ Nurture: parents, schools, employers, media, etc.
● Adolescence
○ Age 11-18
○ Period after puberty before adult roles taken
○ Culturally constructed
○ Biological phenomenon
● Early beliefs
○ Plato/Aristotle
■ Age 14: reason capacity emerges, fully formed at 21
■ Controlled by impulses until 21
○ Middle ages
■ Unchanged belief
■ Adolescents need supervised
○ 15-1800s
■ Life cycle service emerges
● Late teens/early 20s leave to apprentice for 7 years
○ 18-1900s
■ Life cycle service fades
■ Population grew
■ Countries industrialized
■ Youth moved to larger cities for jobs
■ Social problems occurred due to lack of supervision
■ Child labor outlawed
■ Creation of secondary education
■ Development of Adolescence made field of scholarship
● G. Stanley Hall
○ 1st Ph.D. in psychology in U.S.
○ Coined “storm and stress”
● Characteristics of adolescence
○ Growth spurts, hormone changes, sexual maturation
○ Cognitive changes influencing perception
○ Abstract, idealistic, logical thinking increased
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○ Independence quest
○ Parental conflict
○ Desire for spending time with peers
○ Increased intimacy in conversation
● Population
○ Adolescents represent decreasingly
○ Number will grow
○ 49% females, 51% males
○ 50% 10-14 50% 15-19
○ 18% in poverty, 82% not
○ 18.3M in suburbs, 11M in urban, 6.1 in rural
● Western adolescence today
○ Struggles between reason/passion and standing out/belonging
● Emerging adulthood
○ Age 19-25
○ Identity exploration
○ Instability
○ Self-focus
○ In-between
○ Possibilities
● Becoming an adult in America
○ Economic independence
○ Self responsibility
○ Independent decisions
○ Responsibilities
○ Deciding beliefs and values
○ Equal parental relationships
● Becoming an adult in other Western cultures
○ Role transitions involve new responsibilities
○ No clear age dependent rituals for adulthood
● Non-Western cultures
○ Specific adulthood transition rituals
○ Israel: military service
○ Argentina: family financial support
○ South Korea: parental financial support
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Biological: physical and biological changes; influences cognitive/socioemotional processes. Socioemotional: changes in relationships, emotions, personality, social contexts; influences biological/cognitive processes. Cognitive: changes in thinking, rationalizing, perception; influences biological/socioemotional processes. Period after puberty before adult roles taken. Age 14: reason capacity emerges, fully formed at 21. Late teens/early 20s leave to apprentice for 7 years. Youth moved to larger cities for jobs. Social problems occurred due to lack of supervision. Development of adolescence made field of scholarship. 18. 3m in suburbs, 11m in urban, 6. 1 in rural. Becoming an adult in other western cultures. No clear age dependent rituals for adulthood. Change in one variable measured directly caused by another variable. Can directly compare 2 groups, both have one variable in common though only one group gets the second variable. Time sequencing: one variable can be happening at the same time, not sure when variables happen. Gnrh hormones increase production 1-2 yrs before secondary characteristics. Occurs when threshold level of body fat increases.
