BIOL 1105 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase, Lac Repressor, Lac Operon

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21 Mar 2017

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Lesson 13: gene expression: distinguish between transcription and translation. (cid:498)the central dogma(cid:499) Transcription: basics are the same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, catalyzed by rna polymerase, occurs in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Adaptors between mrna and snrna mirna small nuclear micro-rna amino acids. Regulates gene expression: summarize the initiation, elongation, and termination phases of. Initiation of transcription prokaryotic transcription: rna polymerase uncoils dna at (cid:885)" end of sense strand, subunit recognized promoter, subunit released after ~10 subunits. Transition to elongation: dna unwound ahead of start site. Transcription bubble: made of rna polymerase, rna polymerase rewinds dna behind bubble, rna polymerase unwinds dna ahead of bubble. Elongation: rna polymerase unwinds dna, adds rna template strand (replaces t with u, rewinds the dna after the bubble. Termination: terminator sequence: rna base pairs with itself to create (cid:498)hair pin(cid:499, hairpin structure disrupts dna/rna/rna polymerase interaction, compare eukaryotic transcription to prokaryotic transcription. In eukaryotes: occurs in nucleus, 3 different rna polymerases.

Related Questions

1. _________________________ is the name of the process that produces proteins using RNA molecules.

a.Transcription

b Translation

c. Replication

d. Mutagenesis

2. The peptide bonding site on the ribosome:

a. A site

b. P site

c. E site

d. D site

3. The name given to the bond formed between two amino acids.

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Double bond

c. Peptide bond

d. Negative bond

4. __________________________ is the movement of the mRNA molecule on the ribosome to open up the A-site for the new incoming amino acid.

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. Translocation

d. Initiation

5. What does the term semi-conservative mean.

a. Replication of RNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of RNA and one new strand of RNA.

b. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of one old strand of DNA and one new strand of DNA.

c. Replication of DNA is semi-conservative, each new strand consists of new strands of nucleotides.

d. Transcription of RNA is semi conservative.

6. This molecule functions during protein synthesis to recognize the codon and bring the proper amino acid back to the ribosome for translation.

a. mRNA

b. tRNA

c. rRNA

d. DNA polymerase

7. What is meant by the base-pairing rule.

a. Bases on a single strand of DNA are always found as pairs

b. Adenine always base pairs with guanine; cytosine with thymine

c. Adenine always base pairs with thymine; cytosine with guanine

d. Bases on a single strand of RNA are found in pair.

8. In this step of protein synthesis, amino acids are added to a growing polypeptide chain.

a. Initiation.

b. Elongation.

c. Termination.

d. Transpiration.

9. Three complementary bases found in a mRNA are called ____________________.

a. Anti-codon.

b. Triplet.

c. Doublet.

d. Codons.

10. Which statement best describes the job or function of the messenger RNA.

a. Carries the map of the gene sequence in the form of codons to the cytoplasm

for translation of the protein.

b. It transfers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

c. It forms the ribosomes.

d. It helps replicate DNA.

ceruleangnat663

22. What is probably the single most important distinction between bacteria and eukaryotes?

a. transcription

b. the separation of the cell's genetic material from the surrounding cytoplasm

c. the existence of ribosomes

d. RNA processing in bacteria

e. antibiotics

23. Which one does NOT characterize an open reading frame (ORF)

a. Uses six reading frames during translation

b. Contains a start codon

c. Contains a stop codon

d. Its length is in multiples of 3 nucleotides

e. It should have the number of codons for a protein or on average ~250 codons in length.

24. Nested intronic genes lie within the non-coding intronic region of a larger gene, and occur in the human genome.

a. True

b. False

25. How would you characterize this statement: EF-Tu will hydrolyze GTP only if the codon:anticodon & tRNA:amino acid matchings are correct

a. Transcription; initiation steps

b. Transcription; termination steps

c. Translation: initiation steps

d. Tanslation: elongation steps

e. Spliceosome

26. Regarding the transcription unit architecture of the Escherichia coli genome, which one is FALSE?

a. Each of the 4,661 transcription units comprised an average of 1.1 modular units.

b. 3,010 transcription units (~65%) are monocistronic.

c. 1,652 transcription units (35%) contain more than one ORF (polycistronic)

d. The largest transcription unit is equivalent to 16 ORFs with numerous introns.

e. 398 transcription units (~9%) are nested within each other in opposite transcriptional orientation

27. Regarding RNA interference (RNAi), which one is FALSE?

a. It is a common and conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells.

b. Originally discovered in bacteria and plant viruses.

c. A form of primitive immunity to protect the genome.

d. Pre microRNA (miRNA) genes have been found in introns.

e. Recent research shows that exogenous plant miRNAs in food can regulate the expression of target genes in mammals.

28. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

a. Recognize the 3âUTR

b. The genes for these enzymes fall into the family of inducible genes

c. The enzymes are imported into the nucleus

d. Covalently attaches an amino acid to the appropriate tRNA. This takes place in the cytoplasm.

e. Forms the peptide bond during protein synthesis

29. What is the process by which complementary RNAs are made from a DNA template?

a. translation

b. transcription

c. protein synthesis

d. transduction

e. transliteration

cyanbee225

Gene ExpressionQuestions

Question 1

#1) Match the following reactions to the correct step of proteinsynthesis by ribosomes.

___ Hydrolysis of GTP and disassembly of the translationcomplex.

___ binding of initiator aminoacyl-tRNA

___ formation of the peptide bond

___ translocation of ribosome

___ Use of 2 mole-equivalents of ATP and attachment of an aminoacid to a transfer RNA molecule

Answer Choices for Number #1
A. initiation step
B. elongation step
C. termination step
D. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase reaction

Question 2

#2) Mark which of the following are needed for the synthesis ofRNA by RNA polymerase:

___ primer

___ ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP

___ dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP

___ template

Question 3

#3) Mark which of the following are properties of a bacteria(prokaryotic) messenger RNA:

___		It has a cap at the 5'-end.
___		It has a poly-A tail at the 3'-end.
___		It has a 5'-untranslated region (UTR).
___		It has a 3'-untranslated (UTR) region.

Question 4

#4) Match the following RNA molecules to their respectivefunctions in the cell.

___ transfer RNA

___ ribosomal RNA

___ messenger RNA

___ small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer Choices for Number #4

A. This RNA serves as the template for protein synthesis.
B. This molecule is a molecular component of ribosomes.
C. This molecule is a component of spliceosomes and serves torecognize the exon-intron junctions
D. This RNA molecule is delivers the amino acid to the ribosome andit recognizes the appropriate codons with its anticodon loop.

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BIOL 1105 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Aminoacyl Trna Synthetase, Lac Repressor, Lac Operon

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