WSU

HLT 3400

MIDTERM EXAM

STUDY GUIDE

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Class

Treatment of

MOA

Side Effects

Drugs

Other Info

Muscarinic Agonist;

cholinergic agonist

Urinary retention;

erostoia, sjogre’s

Structurally similar

to ACH; the drug

interacts with

muscarinic

receptors to cause

body responses

similar to PNS

stimulation

PNS effects such as

increased salivation,

abd cramping,

sweating, flushing,

miosis, blurred

vision, N/V; Can

have orthostatic

hypotension with

possible syncope,

bradycardia, reflex

tachycardia,

complete heart

block, and acute

bronchospasm

Bethanechol

(Urecholine) =

urinary retention

and others that end

with –chol

Other drugs include

carbachol (Isopto

Carbachol) = miosis

pilocarpine (Isopto-

Carpine) =

glaucoma

They contract bronchial

smooth muscle; should

not take if have GI or GU

obstruction,

contraindicated with

COPD, MI, and with

those with

hyperthyroidism or CVD

Acetylcholinesterase

Inhibitors,

cholinergic agonists

Alzheier’s; glauoa, MG,

nerve gas exposure; used as

a neuromuscular blocker

-These drugs

prevent breakdown

of ACH

Pyridostigmine

works by inhibiting

action of AchE at

cholinergic

receptors and

allows ACH to

accumulate

Will enhance PNS

response so will

have increased

peristalsis,

bronchoconstriction

, bradycardia, and

hypotension

Adverse effects:

twitching of muscles

N/V, miosis, and I

increased salivation

Pyridostigmine: for

MG

Other drugs such as

Aricept, Exelon,

cognex.

donepezil

(Aricept),

riastigmine

(Exelon);

neostigmine

(Prostigmin) for

symptomatic tx of

MG

If taking for MG you can

have a MG crisis leading

to extreme muscle

weakness; be careful it

they have GI disorder or

obstruction, COPD,

Atropine is antidote for

OD

Muscarinic

antagonist;

cholinergic

antagonists; AKA

anticholinergic

Treatment of eye

procedures (dilates eyes),

suppress gastric acid (PUD)

cardiac rhythm disorders

(increases HR), adjunct of

Drugs that block

receptors at

cholinergic synapses

in the PNS and at a

Atropine

(Belladonna)

Antisecretory

agents =

High incidence of side

effects such as tachy and

CNS stimulation

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anesthesia, IBS, dilate

bronchi, antidote for drug

poisoning, urge

incontinence, and

Parkiso’s

few target organs in

the SNS

glycopyrrolate

(Robinul)

Antispasmodic

agents

Bronchodilator

agents

Ophthalmic agents

Scopolamine

Urge incontinence

agents

Nicotinic

antagonists;

neuromuscular

blockers; ganglionic

blockers

Muscle weakness/spams;

adjunct in surgery; helps

with placement of

endotracheal tube;

antidote for nicotinic

poisoning

This drug binds to

cholinergic receptor

sites at

neuromuscular

junctions (nicotinic).

Causes total

relaxation of the

muscles or paralysis

Muscle weakness;

tachycardia;

hypotension;

urinary retention;

muscle soreness

with succinylcholine

Serious: respiratory

depression/apnea,

cardiac

dysrhythmias,

malignant

hyperthermia

Succinylcholine

(Anectine):

neuromuscular

blocker for short

procedures

(depolarizing)

Mecamylamine

(inversine):

ganglionic blocker

Tubocurarine for

longer procedures

this is

nondepolarizing

Effects more PNS than

SNS

Because of toxicity

Mecamylamine is the

only ganglionic blocker

available for use

Depolarization: increased

muscle contraction

followed by relaxation

Malignant Hyperthermia

can happen in sx in which

increased temp in sx

Nonselective

Adrenergic Agonist;

Sympathomimetic

CPR resuscitation; increase

perfusion to arterioles;

anaphylaxis; assist with sx

to cause vasoconstriction to

BV; eye procedures to help

dilate the eyes

Stimulates both

alpha and beta

receptors causing a

fight or flight

response

Nervousness,

tremors,

palpitations,

tachycardia,

dizziness, headache,

stinging at site

(damaging to

tissues)

Serious: HTN,

dysrhythmias,

Epinephrine

(Adrenalin) is

prototype

Neosynephrine

Visine

B-drugs

Isoproterenol

(Isuprel)

Albuterol Tocolytics

Α-agonist: for nasal

congestion and

hypotension, eye exams

(mydriasis)

Α-agonist: HTN

Β-agonist: HF, cardiac

arrest and shock

Β-agonist: preterm labor

and asthma

This drug atiates oth α

& β receptors

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HLT 3400- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 54 pages long!)

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