HST 1100 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - City, Christianity, Kingdom Of France
HST 1100
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
What is Civilization?
1. Six Key Characteristics
a. Urban focus: some sort of gathering of human beings
i. Cities, villages, small settlements
ii. the center of political, economic, and social development
b. Religious structure: holding a belief in god or gods and having a
religious hierarchy based on religious rules
i. Factors into what is important to the civilization
c. Political and Military structures: some form of government, and
something to protect the people who live in that civilization
i. Hierarchy and bureaucracy: something that governs
civilization
d. Social and Economic hierarchy: some sort of social class or
economic ranking
i. Can be connected to religious, or political & military
structures
ii. Make up backbone of economic and political and social
behaviors
1. Some societies have rules governing this
e. Written language (record keeping): intellectual expression
i. Can be beads in a tapestry that tells stories or totem pole
ii. Eventually develop a form of writing
1. Keeps records
2. Can become part of characteristic six
f. Artistic, intellectual, and cultural activity
i. Some form of activity that allows them to progress
Prehistory: The First Humans
Paleolithic Age: 2.6 million years ago until 10,000 BCE
1. Hominid (first early humans): 3-4 million years ago.
a. Started before Paleolithic age but lasted into the age
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2. Australopithecines: species of primates that decided to move from the
forests of Africa into the open plains of the savannah. Early hominids
a. In forests they needed long arms for trees and body for warmth
b. In the savannah you won’t need body hair, and they don’t need
long arms for trees
i. Need legs for running
ii. Need to stand upright and develop buttocks
iii. Perhaps develop sweat glands
iv. Find water
c. Use simple tools like rocks or sticks
d. Different types that are short and vegetarian
3. Genus Homo: means man in latin
a. Earliest types: Homo Habilis: handy man
b. Hand eye coordination
c. Can use tools better
d. Hunter-gatherer lifestyle
i. Males hunt
ii. Females gather
e. Develop stone tools
f. Leather bone and wood tools
4. Homo Erectus: developed out of homo habilis. Twice the size of brains
and walk upright
a. 1.5 million years ago. Took out homo habilis.
b. Because climate changed they moved into Europe and Asia
5. Fire: around 500,00 years ago they learned how to use natural fire
a. Then they learned how to use it themselves
b. Used it for cooking food: last longer taste better and be more
nutritious
i. Cooked food has enzymes that activated brain development
c. Can harden spears
d. Can stay up later
e. Groups can gather around fire
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Document Summary
Twice the size of brains and walk upright: 1. 5 million years ago. Mediterranean ocean in the southern french city of neese: found when dgging a mall, a hut made of sticks, bowls and food and bones, copralith: fossilized poop, turtles, mussles, fish, pig, rhino, ox all part of the diet. Mesopotamia: the fertile crescent, surrounded by asia minor (turkey) and egypt and others, named by the greeks, cities in sumeria/mesopotamia, tigris and euphrates rivers. Tigris and euphrates rivers: fertile silt that is good for growing crops, floods places silt on land, not much stone nearby, use mud instead. Developed differently than mesopotamia because unlike tiris and. Euphrates: predictable floods, less need to irrigate, focus on other things mesopotamians can"t. Allows larger cities: nile delta valley, flows into sea. Sea access: trade and transport, mediterranean has winds that allows you to travel against the current. Upper is up river and down the river is lower egypt.
