PSYC104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Convergent Validity, Content Validity
17 May 2018
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PSYC104 RESEARCH DESIGN READINGS
Chapter 7 [Measurement]
7.2.1 Chapter Outline
- What is Measurement?
- History of Measurement
- Levels of Measurement
- Tests as Measurement Instruments
- Criteria for Evaluating Measurements
7.3 What is Measurement?
- Measurement: systematic process of assigning numbers to characteristics or attributes of
individuals using a set of carefully selected and explicitly stated rules
- These rules are developed to ensure that identical characteristics or attributes are
quantified and interpreted in the same way
7.3.2 Implications of Measurement
- Test bias: a test systematically disadvantages certain groups of individuals over others
- Content bias: test items disadvantage certain groups of individuals over others
- Testing situation bias: testing conditions disadvantage certain groups of individuals over
others
7.5 Levels of Measurement
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
7.6 Tests as Measurement Instruments
7.6.1 The Use of Tests
- A test as a measurement instrument is used to assess a certain characteristic, attribute, or
behaviour through systematic collection of information about an individual
- Tests are one of the most common measurement instruments that are widely applied in a
variety of fields to
o Select individuals
o Classify individuals
o Evaluate individuals
o Conduct research
7.6.2 Standardised and Non-Standardised Tests
- Standardised tests typically measure more general constructs and are developed,
administered, and scored in a consistent way
- Non-standardised tests are designed to measure specific constructs
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Document Summary
Measurement: systematic process of assigning numbers to characteristics or attributes of individuals using a set of carefully selected and explicitly stated rules. These rules are developed to ensure that identical characteristics or attributes are quantified and interpreted in the same way. Test bias: a test systematically disadvantages certain groups of individuals over others. Content bias: test items disadvantage certain groups of individuals over others. Testing situation bias: testing conditions disadvantage certain groups of individuals over others. A test as a measurement instrument is used to assess a certain characteristic, attribute, or behaviour through systematic collection of information about an individual. Tests are one of the most common measurement instruments that are widely applied in a variety of fields to: select individuals, classify individuals, evaluate individuals, conduct research. Standardised tests typically measure more general constructs and are developed, administered, and scored in a consistent way. Non-standardised tests are designed to measure specific constructs.
