PSYC 381 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Assortative Mating, Elder Abuse, Stepfamily
14 Jun 2018
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List the five stages of adult friendship development. What are the three broad
themes that underlie adult friendship? (pp. 312-313)
-The ABCDE model describes the stages of friendships: Acquaintanceship,
buildup, continuation, deterioration and ending.
-The three broad themes that underlie adult friendship are:
1. The affective or emotional basis of friendship
2. Friends participate in or support activities of mutual interest
3. The sociability and compatibility dimension
1.
What is the lifespan theory of socio-emotional selectivity? How does it explain
the developmental pattern of friendship formation? How do friendships differ
between men and women? (pp. 313-314)
-Socioemotional selectivity argues social contact is motivated by a variety of
goals.
-Older adults tend not to replace the relationships they lose because of how
difficult it is to find the emotional aspects of life and personal relationships.
-People have fewer friendships in later life.
-Women base their friendships on more intimate and emotion.
-Men base friendships on shared activities or interests.
2.
Describe the theory of assortative mating. Describe the research by Schmitt and
colleagues (2004) that examined the effects of attachment style on mate selection
in different cultures. What were the main findings? (pp. 314-316)
-Theory of assortative mating states that people find partners based on their
similarity to each other.
-Across 48 cultures, people from cultures that have good health care, education
and resources, and permit young adults to choose their own mate tend to
develop more secure attachments than do people from cultures without these
characteristics.
-Global patterns in mate selection and romantic relationships
3.
Describe the issues associated with violence in relationships. Describe the seven
different categories of elder abuse. (pp. 316-318)
-Battered woman syndrome occurs when a woman believes she cannot leave the
abusive situation and may even go as far as to kill her abuser.
-Being female, Latina, African American, having an atypical family structure,
having more romantic partners, early onset of sexual activity and being a victim
of child abuse predicts victimization.
The seven categories of elder abuse are:
1. Physical abuse
2. Sexual abuse
3. Emotional or psychological abuse
4. Financial or material exploitation
5. Abandonment
6. Neglect:
7. Self-neglect
4.
What are the costs and benefits of being single, and how is it different for men
and women? Why do people cohabitate? What is known about gay and lesbian
couples? (pp. 318-321)
-The meaning and implications of remaining single are often tied to strongly held
cultural and religious beliefs.
-Fewer men than women remain unmarried throughout adulthood.
- Couples cohabit to test their relationship in the context of potential marriage
and for convenience as an alternative to marriage.
-Heterosexual couples are similar on the demographic characteristic such as race,
age and education, whereas gay and lesbian couples tend to be more dissimilar.
-Lesbians make commitments and cohabit faster than heterosexual couples.
-Report receiving less support from family members
5.
What are the different meanings of a successful marriage, and what are the most
important factors that influence marital success? What is the normal pattern of
marital satisfaction across the lifespan? (pp. 321-325)
-Marital success is an umbrella term referring to any marital outcome, marital
quality, marital adjustment and marital satisfaction.
Factors that influence it: Age, financial security, pregnancy, homogamy and
equality.
-Marital satisfaction is the highest at the beginning of the marriage, falls until the
children begin leaving home and rises again in later life.
-The level of satisfaction with these marriages appears to be unrelated to the
amount of sexual interest, but is positively related to the degree of social
engagement.
6.
What are the factors related to divorce? How does divorce affect men and women
differently? What are the important issues in remarriage? How does widowhood
affect men and women differently? (pp. 325-328)
-Couples have a 50/50 in staying married for life.
-People with higher levels of education tend to have lower rates of divorce.
-Couples emotion is critical to marital success.
-Divorced people suffer negative financial effects and negative health
consequences.
-Many middle aged women who divorce also face significant financial challenges.
-Men and women both wait about 3.5 years before they remarry.
-Women are less likely to remarry
-Women are more likely to be widowed and for at least 10 years of their life.
-Recover faster with strong social support
7.
Briefly summarize the major issues associated with parenting as related to
culture, single parents, and non-normative parents. (pp. 328-332)
-African Americans husbands are more likely than European American husbands
to help with household chores.
-Parents of biracial children report feeling discrimination and they are targets of
prejudicial behaviour from others.
-Many divorced single parents report complex feelings such as frustration, failure
and guilt
-Single parents struggle financially.
-Single parents feel insecure when it comes to dating.
-Issue for foster parents, adoptive parents and stepparents is how strongly the
child will bond with them
-Families with children adopted from another culture pose challenged of how to
establish and maintain connection with the child's culture of origin.
-Many gay couples want to have children but find it difficult to adopt.
8.
Define kinkeeper, sandwich generation, boomerang kids, and filial obligation.
What are the issues associated with caring for an older parent? What are the
positives and negatives aspects of parental caregiving? (pp. 332-335)
-A kinkeeper is often a middle aged mother who is the person who gathers family
members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with each other.
-Middle aged adults are sometimes referred to as the sandwich generation
because they are caught between the competing demands of two generations:
their parents and their children.
-Boomerang kids is when young adults return to their parents' home at least once
after moving out.
-Filial obligation is seen in adult children who feel a sense of responsibility to care
for their parents if necessary.
-Providing care is a major source of both stress and reward.
-When caring for an aging parent, it is common the caregiver will feel depressed,
resentful, angry or guilty.
-Feel great financial pressure.
-Child caregiver can feel the reward of giving back.
9.
What functions to grandparents serve? Describe the ethnic differences in
grandparenting. Why are more grandparents raising grandchildren today, and
what additional issue does this raise? (pp. 335-337)
-Grandparents serve a social dimension, personal dimension, skills and religious
value.
-Intergenerational relationships are especially important and historically have
been a source of strength in African American families and Latino families.
-Grandparents take over when both parents are employed outside the home,
when the parents are deceased, addicted, incarcerated or unable to raise their
children for some other reason.
-Lack of legal guardianship poses issues.
-Financial stress, cramped living space and social isolation.
10.
L8 -Relationships
Sunday, May 27, 2018
11:14 AM
Document Summary
List the five stages of adult friendship development. What are the three broad themes that underlie adult friendship? (pp. The abcde model describes the stages of friendships: acquaintanceship, buildup, continuation, deterioration and ending. The three broad themes that underlie adult friendship are: the affective or emotional basis of friendship, friends participate in or support activities of mutual interest, the sociability and compatibility dimension. How do friendships differ between men and women? (pp. Socioemotional selectivity argues social contact is motivated by a variety of goals. Older adults tend not to replace the relationships they lose because of how difficult it is to find the emotional aspects of life and personal relationships. Women base their friendships on more intimate and emotion. Men base friendships on shared activities or interests. Describe the research by schmitt and colleagues (2004) that examined the effects of attachment style on mate selection in different cultures.
