KINESIOL 1Y03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Neurotrophic Factors, Leptin Receptor
22 Jun 2018
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Genetics of obesity
N.B.:
LINKAGE = “when a marker allele is inherited more often by affected phenotypes within a family”
ASSOCIATION = “when a marker allele is inherited more often by cases than controls in a
population”
Obesity rates have grossly increased since the mid-80s in affluent countries raising a significant
public health burden
Pathologies linked to obesity
stroke, cataracts, OSA, heart disease, HTN, pulmonary disease, DM, cancer, hypoventilation
syndrome, gynaecological abnormalities, fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, cholestasis, phlebitis,
gout, osteoarthritis
Aetiology
Sedentary lifestyle, foetal programming, thrifty genes, predation release (no advantage to being lean
and fast anymore), ethnic shift (movement from one environment to another), reproductive fitness
(obese can have more children faster), assortative mating (obese go for obese)
Physiology
Disorder of energy balance: thermogenic (brown) adipose tissue only recently identified in humans
Disorder of the adipocyte: larger size and numbers as a child
Neurobehavioral disorder: obesity originates in the brain where mechanisms regulating appetite and
satiety are disordered
Treatment
Diet & exercise : good for overweight but not morbis obesity
Drugs: only lose 10kg which is not enough in morbid obesity
appetite suppression with lorcaserin/Belviq (mental health SEs)
nutrient malabsorption with orlistat/Xenical (GI SEs)
Bariatric surgery
gastric band: restricts size of stomach food can expand so hastens satiety but can be
expanded/broken with determined food intake!
Roux-en-Y: bigger operation which has weight loss and anti-DM effects due to change in
hormonal regulation however leads to nutrient malabsorption due to loss of gut SA so
required supplementation
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Linkage = when a marker allele is inherited more often by affected phenotypes within a family . Association = when a marker allele is inherited more often by cases than controls in a population . Obesity rates have grossly increased since the mid-80s in affluent countries raising a significant public health burden. Pathologies linked to obesity stroke, cataracts, osa, heart disease, htn, pulmonary disease, dm, cancer, hypoventilation syndrome, gynaecological abnormalities, fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, cholestasis, phlebitis, gout, osteoarthritis. Sedentary lifestyle, foetal programming, thrifty genes, predation release (no advantage to being lean and fast anymore), ethnic shift (movement from one environment to another), reproductive fitness (obese can have more children faster), assortative mating (obese go for obese) Disorder of energy balance: thermogenic (brown) adipose tissue only recently identified in humans. Disorder of the adipocyte: larger size and numbers as a child. Neurobehavioral disorder: obesity originates in the brain where mechanisms regulating appetite and satiety are disordered.
