KINESIOL 1Y03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor, Sulindac, Membrane Protein
22 Jun 2018
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Chemoprevention of intestinal cancer
Chemoprevention = “planned chemical intervetion to reduce the risk of disease”
-includes dietary modification (e.g. decreased red meat in CRC, though trial all
skewed by poor self-reporting) and dietary additives as well as drugs / other
therapies
-must be instituted before any neoplastic change e.g. polyps / dysplasia or metastatic
change e.g. metaplasia i.e. be at a point of reversibility
-in GI cancer, this must be at least 10 years before cancer incidence i.e. in later
20s/early 30s
-vaccination against cancer can occur in Hep B for HCC and in HPC causing cervical
cancer
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Pathogenesis
i.e. typical
pathway from
initiator
(h.Pylori)
Inflammation
(corpus gastritis)
metaplasia
dysplasia +
cancer
Entero-salivary circulation of nitrate in humans:
Nitrate and nitrite found in foods reduced to nitrite by salivary bacteria nitrite reduced to
NO in the stomach ASSUMING GASTRIC HCL PRODUCTION nitrate and nitrite absorbed in
intestine remaining nitrates and nitrites from food and NO production in blood excreted by
kidneys or active taken up from blood by salivary glands re-circulated in saliva
If this is disturbed by achlorhydria, NO is not formed in the stomach, instead
nitrosamines are formed, these have a local mitogenic effect Ca
Proximal gastric cancer (that caused by nitrosamines) is increasing due to increased
utilization of fertilizers hence more nitrate in food
Disruption to this cycle also causes increased risk of gastric carcinoma in pernicious
anaemia (as this also causes achlorhydria)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chemoprevention = planned chemical intervetion to reduce the risk of disease includes dietary modification (e. g. decreased red meat in crc, though trial all skewed by poor self-reporting) and dietary additives as well as drugs / other therapies. 20s/early 30s vaccination against cancer can occur in hep b for hcc and in hpc causing cervical cancer. Pathogenesis i. e. typical pathway from initiator (h. pylori) . Nitrate and nitrite found in foods reduced to nitrite by salivary bacteria nitrite reduced to. If this is disturbed by achlorhydria, no is not formed in the stomach, instead nitrosamines are formed, these have a local mitogenic effect ca. Proximal gastric cancer (that caused by nitrosamines) is increasing due to increased utilization of fertilizers hence more nitrate in food. Disruption to this cycle also causes increased risk of gastric carcinoma in pernicious anaemia (as this also causes achlorhydria)
