BISC 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12, 13: Quantitative Trait Locus, Pea, Allele

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browncricket987

19 Jan 2018

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BISC 102

Professor

Erin Barley

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Document Summary

Meiosis i: homologs in each chromosome pair separate from each other. One homolog goes to one daughter cell; the other goes to another daughter cell. Meiosis 2: sister chromatids from each chromosome separate. Cells produced by meiosis ii have one of each type of chromosome, but unreplicated (n). Movement driven by motor proteins at kinetochore - the pt of attachment. Gametogenesis: plants + animals: 4 haploid daughter cells go to form egg cells or sperm cells. Two or more genes are linked = on same chromosome. Linked genes should violate principle of independent assortment. Morgan proposed that gametes with new, recombinant genotypes were generated when crossing over occurred during prophase of meiosis i in females. Linked genes are inherited together unless crossing over occurs between them. Co-dominance: heterozygotes have the phenotype associated with each individual allele. Multiple allelism = more than two alleles of the same gene.

Related Questions

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Title: Meiosis Lab

Part 1: Modeling Meiosis Without Crossing Over (reformat as needed)

Take photos of the following stages of your meiosis bead simulation. Insert and label the following images:

Meiosis 1: Prophase I and Metaphase I

Meiosis 2: Metaphase II and Telophase II

Part 2: Modeling Meiosis With Crossing Over (reformat as needed)

Take photos of the following stages of your meiosis bead simulation. Insert and label the following images:

Meiosis with Crossing Over: Metaphase I and Telophase II

Questions â use the lab Introduction, your textbook and other sources to answer the following.

What is the state of DNA at the end of meiosis I? Are the chromosomes replicated or unreplicated? Diploid or haploid?

Why are chromosomes important?

How are Meiosis I and Meiosis II different?

Name two ways meiosis contribute to genetic recombination or genetic variety.

Why do you use non-sister chromatids to demonstrate crossing over? What would happen if you crossed over sister chromatids?

How many chromosomes were present in your simulation when meiosis I started?

Why is it necessary to reduce the chromosome number in gametes, but not in other cells of an organism?

If humans have 46 chromosomes in each of their body cells, determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following:

Sperm	Egg	Daughter cell after mitosis	Daughter cell after meiosis

Investigate a disease that is caused by a chromosomal mutation due to nondisjunction. When does the mutation occur? What chromosome is affected? What are the consequences?

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

BISC 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12, 13: Quantitative Trait Locus, Pea, Allele

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