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ECON 104 Chapter 1: Chapter 1

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School
Simon Fraser University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 104
Professor
Vasyl Golovetskyy

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Document Summary

This text was modified by basil golovetskyy under a creative commons attribution- Noncommercial-sharealike 3. 0 license without attribution, from (cid:120) principles of economics, unattributed, found at http://www. saylor. org/books/. Think about the government as any group of people that can make a decision and implement it even over those who oppose the decision (the government has power and can use coercion). We will be mostly talking about what is generally recognized as the government in canada a group of elected politicians and appointed bureaucrats that make a decision and implement it. The simplest taxonomy of the canadian government considers the three levels of government: federal, provincial, and local/municipal. Some examples of the overlapping authorities are: (cid:120) shared responsibilities for environment: there are national, provincial, and municipal parks; (cid:120) power over agriculture and immigration is shared between the federal and provincial governments. On top of that, the federal government runs the equalization program. Well, it is difficult to assess all this.

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Related Questions


Can you solve them and tell me if youre sure 100% 100% 100%



Question 1 (1 point)

If two variables move together but are otherwise unrelated, we have

Question 1 options:

a fallacy of composition.

an econometric model.

a spurious correlation.

an efficiency problem.

evidence of a weak correlation but strong causation.

Save

Question 2 (1 point)

The Latin expression "ceteris paribus": is essential in ______.

Question 2 options:

collecting data.

identifying sunk costs.

evaluating theories.

recognizing scarcity.

developing spurious relationships.

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Question 3 (1 point)

Opportunity cost is best defined as

Question 3 options:

marginal cost minus marginal benefit.

the time spent on an economic activity.

the value of the best forgone alternative.

the monetary cost of an economic decision.

marginal cost plus marginal benefit.

Save

Question 4 (1 point)

A cost that cannot be recovered at the time a decision is being made is termed a(n)

Question 4 options:

marginal cost.

scarcity cost.

sunk cost.

average cost.

opportunity cost.

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Question 5 (1 point)

If the marginal costs of 1, 2, and 3 hours of talking on the phone are $50, $75, and $105, then the total costs are

Question 5 options:

$50, $150, and $315.

$50, $41.67, and $115.

$50, 125, and $230.

$50, $175, and $405.

impossible to calculate with information given.

Save

Question 6 (1 point)

In general, individuals should specialize in producing those goods for which they

Question 6 options:

can produce more quickly than others.

can produce less quickly than others.

have the lowest opportunity cost compared to others.

have the highest opportunity cost compared to others.

have an average opportunity cost.

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Question 7 (1 point)

The extra benefit that comes from an extra unit of activity is called the _________ of the activity.

Question 7 options:

benefit

marginal benefit

marginal cost

average benefit

reservation benefit

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Question 8 (1 point)

The marginal benefit of an activity is the

Question 8 options:

same as the total benefits of the activity.

total benefit divided by the level of the activity.

change in the activity divided by the change in benefits.

extra benefit associated with an extra unit of the activity.

total benefit divided by the change in the level of the activity.

Save

Question 9 (1 point)

The fundamental problem that is studied in economics is that

Question 9 options:

consumers have limited wants in the face of unlimited resources.

markets should function without government interference.

Canada is too wealthy.

consumers have unlimited wants in the face of limited resources.

there are unlimited resources.

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Question 10 (1 point)

The range of topics, or issues, that fit within the definition of economics is

Question 10 options:

limited to market activities, e.g., buying soap.

limited to individuals and firms.

extremely wide, requiring only the ideas of choice and scarcity.

limited to governments and nations.

very limited.

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Question 11 (1 point)

When economists make predictions using the framework of a given economic model, it is usually based on

Question 11 options:

personal experiences.

important relationships between particular variables.

mathematical abstractions.

political implications.

the profit-maximizing objective.

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Question 12 (1 point)

The cost of spending an evening partying instead of studying economics is

Question 12 options:

the resulting decrease in the test score in Economics.

the time spent at the party.

the score of the test.

the cost of the textbook.

university tuition.

Save

Question 13 (1 point)

As one progresses from a one-person economy to a large, multi-person economy, the shape of production possibilities curve changes from

Question 13 options:

downward sloping to upwards sloping.

linear to convex (bowed into the origin).

concave (bowed out from the origin) to linear.

convex (bowed into the origin) to concave (bowed out from the origin).

linear to concave (bowed out from the origin).

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Question 14 (1 point)

Which is NOT a sunk cost?

Question 14 options:

Monthly rent of $1,000 contractually specified in a one-year lease.

An insurance premium of $50 per year, paid last month.

An attorney's retainer of $50,000 per year.

A worker's wage of $15 per hour.

A non-refundable deposit for a tender.

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Question 15 (1 point)

"We should support government intervention because the market produces undesirable outcomes" is an example of

Question 15 options:

positive economics.

normative economics.

comparative economics.

negative economics.

formative economics.

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Question is this -How government intervenes in the economy from three perspectives: Fiscal, Monetary, and Supply Side efforts. You have also now looked at the criticisms of government involvement from the Classical perspective. Which approach makes the most sense to you?

Comment on this answer...

This is Answer-After learning about the classical economic viewpoint and the criticisms of government from it, I don't think there is one single approach that makes the most sense to me between fiscal, monetary, and supply-side policies. I think a minimal mix of the three is okay, and for each, they have their own given situations where they may work best in comparison to the others, or even work in conjunction with one another.

Increasing aggregate demand through fiscal policy may help the economy with unemployment and price levels, or it may hurt the economy instead and leave it in a worse state than it was previously found to be at. This could create artificial demand where there isn't true demand from the consumers. This could trick business and mess them up.

Controlling the supply of money through monetary policy may be helpful to the economy for taming inflation and keeping price stability. Controlling it too much could cause problems such as market unpredictability, which in turn could cause mixed results such as to scare people away or draw them into borrowing less or more money.

Increasing supply through supply-side policies may help the economy with unemployment and price levels. It could hurt people in ways such as people not receiving federal funding, or receive less of it (budget cuts in whatever that may be) due to tax cuts, exemptions, etc., from the government to businesses.

With these three perspectives in mind, I would prefer to see a more classical approach to economic situations. The perspectives of fiscal, monetary, and supply-side policy I think can each be helpful but would be best if they didn't have to be implemented in the first place. They have the potential to cause damage to the economy. After watching the classical economics video and reading the chapter, one thing that stood out to me and I think summarizes government involvement from a classical economists viewpoint is the government's role is like being the umpire in a baseball game. They should make sure everyone plays by the rules and only enters the game as a last resort. That approach makes sense to me.

NOTE: Under "d" there are two answeres required.

In the first quarter of 2009, President Obama pushed his massive fiscal stimulus package of $862 (It was originally at $787 billion) through the Congress and later passed by the House and the Senate, whose centerpiece was spending most of this stimulus funds in repairing and building infrastructure in transportation, healthcare, science and technology, and education. Pres. Obama also urged to make a modest tax cut for middle-income families making a household income less than $250K per year (it has been modified to $400k starting from January 2013). The push for this combined package of spending and partial tax cut was also criticized by several opponents in politics, academia, and businesses on the ground that the spending was too large under government financing to balance the growing budget deficit and national debt that might threaten future economic stability of the country.

d) Using the Keynesian Cross model diagram (The diagram with 45 degree line by splitting AD (C+I+G+NX) on the vertical axis and RGDP on the horizontal axis, See in Ch. 9,10 & 13 of the textbook) and equation, critically and briefly illustrate the short run and long run economic impact (negative effect on RGDP growth, employment, and other variables) of Recent "Sequester" measure of $85 billion (automatic spending cut of Government spending, G) passed by the US Congress.

(Hint: The impact will be in terms of major macroeconomic variables of US economy such as GDP growth, unemployment rate, interest rates, and inflation). 3 pts.

However, many critics contended that this "sequester" measure is only temporary and too small given the $4T US government budget to have a significant impact on the economy. Therefore, many economists considered this spending cut as too small to bring the economy back into recession. Do you agree or disagree with this contention?

Hint: You may also observe he most recent economic trend and the stock prices in the Wall Street, especially during the end of the second quarter of 2013. 2 pts.