BIOL 205 Chapter Notes - Chapter 21: Homo Ergaster, Bipedalism, Prehensile Tail

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ceruleanwhale471

7 Dec 2017

School

University of Calgary

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 205

Professor

Peter Neuhaus

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Document Summary

Chapter 21 textbook notes (chapter 19 in old version) Chordate: member of the phylum chordata, animals that at some point during their development, have a dorsal hollow nerve chord, a notochord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. Head/ craniates- consists of brain at end of dorsal nerve cord, eyes, and other sensory organs, and skull. Vertebrates/ backbone- more extensive skull, vertebral column consists of vertebraes (series of bones), enclose main parts of nervous system, endoskeleton. Lungs and lobed fins- opportunity for life on land. Tetrapods (4 legs, jawed vertebrates) were first life on land. Hagfish- excellent sense of smell and touch, blind, create hole in prey with teeth, enter prey, eat flesh, ties tail i(cid:374) k(cid:374)ot to tighte(cid:374) agai(cid:374)st prey"s (cid:271)ody, a(cid:374)ti-predation slime. Lamprey- oldest vertebrates, suspension feeders, parasites, attaches itself to skin of prey and sucks blood and tissues.

Related Questions

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

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BIOL 205 Chapter Notes - Chapter 21: Homo Ergaster, Bipedalism, Prehensile Tail

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