PSYC 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13.1: Social Facilitation, Observational Learning, Behaviorism
15 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
The Person and the Situation:
Behaviour
is a function of the Person
and the Environment
- Challenges the Freudian Theories of the 20th century → a person’s behaviour guided by
psychological dynamics rooted in their past.
- Challenges behaviourism → a person’s past and conditioning
Mimicry:
- Taking on for ourselves the behaviours, emotional displays, and facial expressions of
others
- Humans are social by nature → sets the path for observational learning
- Who we are is constantly shaped and patterned by other people
- Chameleon Effect: people mimic others non-consciously, automatically copying
other’s behaviours even without realizing
- Social Norms: the (usually unwritten) guidelines for how to behave in social contexts
Group Dynamics: Social Loafing and Social Facilitation
- Groups can produce poorer outcomes ue to Social Loafing
- Social Loafing: which occurs when an individual puts less effort into working on a task
with others
- Factors that Influence Loafing:
- Low Efficacy Beliefs:
- Occurs if tasks are too difficult or complex → people don’t know
where to start
- Be overcome by structuring tasks so people know exactly what to
do (provide clear deadlines and giving feedback)
- Believing that one’s contribution are not important
- Occurs if people can’t see how their own input matters to the
group
- To Overcome: giving people a larger understanding of how the
different group members rely on and affect each other
- Not caring about the group’s outcome:
- Occurs when a person is not personally identified with the group
- Result of feeling rejected by the group
- Overcome: group’s goals explicit
- Feeling like others are not trying very hard
- Social facilitation
-Occurs when one’s performance is affected by the presence of others
-The presence of others is arousing and arousal tends to strengthen our dominant
responses
-Task is simple → dominant response is the right one
-Task is complex → we need to be able to control our responses more
carefully and then arousal decreases performance
Document Summary
Challenges the freudian theories of the 20th century a person"s behaviour guided by is a function of the person and the environment psychological dynamics rooted in their past. Challenges behaviourism a person"s past and conditioning. Taking on for ourselves the behaviours, emotional displays, and facial expressions of others. Humans are social by nature sets the path for observational learning. Who we are is constantly shaped and patterned by other people. Chameleon effect: people mimic others non-consciously, automatically copying. Social norms: the (usually unwritten) guidelines for how to behave in social contexts other"s behaviours even without realizing. Groups can produce poorer outcomes ue to social loafing. Social loafing: which occurs when an individual puts less effort into working on a task with others. Occurs if tasks are too difficult or complex people don"t know where to start. Be overcome by structuring tasks so people know exactly what to do (provide clear deadlines and giving feedback)
