PSYCH261 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Axoplasmic Transport, Schwann Cell, Oligodendrocyte
1 May 2018
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Structure of the Neuron
Types of Neurons
Multipolar- one axon and many dendrites attached to soma
Bipolar- one axon and one dendrites
Unipolar- one axon attached to soma, axon divides, one branch receives sensory info, other sends it to
CNS
Supply Lines
Cytoskeleton- gives structure and shape, plumbing system
Microtubules- protein filaments arranged around hollow core
Axoplasmic transport- process which transports substances along microtubules
Anterograde- away from cell body
Retrograde- towards cell body
Supporting Cells
Myelin- insulates neuron, keeps signal travelling quickly, like balloons wrapped around neuron
Glia- supporting cells of CNS
Astrocyte- a glial cell in CNS that provides nutrients and regulates chemical composition of ECF
Oligodendrocytes- glia cell in CNS that forms myelin, nerves cannot grow back
Schwann cell- myelin in PNS, if nerve is injured is creates tunnel for nerve to grow back
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Document Summary
Multipolar- one axon and many dendrites attached to soma. Unipolar- one axon attached to soma, axon divides, one branch receives sensory info, other sends it to. Axoplasmic transport- process which transports substances along microtubules. Myelin- insulates neuron, keeps signal travelling quickly, like balloons wrapped around neuron. Astrocyte- a glial cell in cns that provides nutrients and regulates chemical composition of ecf. Oligodendrocytes- glia cell in cns that forms myelin, nerves cannot grow back. Schwann cell- myelin in pns, if nerve is injured is creates tunnel for nerve to grow back. Paul ehrlich- ink injected into blood-stream will not enter the tissues of the cns, but ink injected in brain will go everywhere in cns. Selective permeability- cns capillaries do not have gap junctions , substances must be transported to brain tissue by specialized proteins (glucose) Membrane potential- electrical charge across a cell membrane. Action potential- electrical impulse for conduction of info down axon.
