BIO152H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 12: Sister Chromatids, Spindle Apparatus, Nuclear Membrane
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Homologous chromosomes (homologs): two chromosomes of each type. Carry same genes but may carry different alleles. Diploid: two versions of each type of chromosome. Two alleles of each gene; one on each chromosome. Haploid number (n): the number of distinct types of chromosomes in a given cell. Diploid number (2n): number of chromosomes present in a diploid cell ex humans have 46. Combination of a number and n is termed the cell"s ploidy. Polyploid: 3 or more of each type of chromosome. Unreplicated and replicated chromosomes are each considered single chromosomes even though the replicated chromosome comprises two sister chromatids. Unreplicated chromosome: a chromosome that consists of a single copy. Replicated chromosome: has been copied; consists of two linear structures joined at the centromere. Sister chromatids: the chromosome copies in a replicated chromosome. Non-sister chromatids: the chromosome copies in homologous chromosomes. When two gametes fuse during fertilization, a full complement of chromosomes is restored.
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