BIO152H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Sporophyte, Gamete, Mitosis
Document Summary
Chapter 13 meiosis and sexual life cycles. Traits are mostly hereditary, however, there is much variation in offspring. Gametes transmit genes from one gen to the next. A genes specific location on a chromosome is its locus. In asexual reproduction, the offspring are completely alike to their parents. The parent passes all of its genes to the offspring without fusing with a mate (gives rise to a clone) Genetic differences only occur due to genetic mutations. In sexual reproduction, two parents give rise to genetically different offspring. There are two chromosomes of 23 types in humans. 23 chromosomal set is called the karyotype of the organism. Both chromosomes of the pair carry the same genes for a specific trait (females (xx) -> homologus and males (xy) -> partly homologous) -> sex chromosomes. The rest of the chromosomes are known as autosomes. In humans, gametes are the only type of haploid cells.
