BIO206H5 Chapter 4-6: Aysha Lab Worksheet6

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peareel338

15 Dec 2015

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This problem set is to be completed before the week 6-7 labs and handed in at the beginning of lab. Please submit only the answer sheet found at the end of this document to your ta, and not the entire document. This week"s lab looks at the process of transformation in bacteria, specifically, using of transformation. zthis pre-lab exercise will explore the molecular vehicle that endows e. coli with the ampr genotype, i. e. the pamp plasmid. The nucleotide sequence of pamp is given in box 1. The plasmid is also shown in the figure below. The highlighted names represent restriction sites were endonucleases can cut this circular plasmid. One way is to look for open reading frames (orfs) within the pamp dna sequence. org. / translate: copy and paste the dna sequence of the pamp plasmid shown in box 1 below into the text box at http://web. expasy, on the output format select compact , click the translate button.

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DNA and Genes Lab Activity
Complete your answers in the spaces provided. USE YOUR OWN WORDS â Yes even
for definitions! Remember to add your last name and first initial to the file name prior to
saving and submitting your completed assignment through Canvas.
Use your textbook, notes and these websites to answer the pre lab questions.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/transcribe/
http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/virtuallessons/cellcycle/trans/
Pre Lab Questions:
1. What is the product of transcription?
2. What is the region of DNA called where transcription begins?
3. What is the product of translation?
4. In your own words define each of the following:
Silent mutation
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frame shift mutation
5. Where in the cell does translation take place?
Click on the link below to access the online lab.
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs_2K8/pages/DNA_And_Genes.html
Download and print the instructions for reference as you work through the lab. As you work through the lab fill in the table below. Use this information to answer the questions that follow contained in this document.
First read through the mutation guide. Once you close the guide you will see the buttons to begin the simulation. Note, you will be translating the mRNA strand into a protein. As you work through each of the mutations fill in the charts below. You must complete 4 mutations for this lab activity. Itâs good practice working with the codon table .
â Aris labs calls the codon table the âGenetic Code Chartâ. Use the amino acid abbreviation for the protein sequence. For example the amino acid proline is abbreviated as pro.
You have to fill in all the letters AND the resulting amino acid sequence by dragging and dropping before you click the [check] button. Abrieviate STOP as either STP or END.
For each of the three mutations you will complete, fill in the table in this lab document with the original mRNA and amino acid sequence and the mRNA sequence and the resulting amino acid sequence RESULTING FROM the mutation as outlined in the mutation rule.
The various mutations represent missense, nonsense, silent and frame shift mutations. You must complete one of each. The lab will not necessarily present the mutations in this order. You must do the mutation and identify which type it is and make sure you do one of each.
6. Frame Shift Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original A. Acids
Original mRNA
Mutated mRNA
Mutated A. Acids
7. Missense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original A. Acids
Original mRNA
Mutated mRNA
Mutated A. Acids
8. Nonsense Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original A. Acids
Original mRNA
Mutated mRNA
Mutated A. Acids
9. Silent Mutation example:
Provide the mutation rule you are following.
Original A. Acids
Original mRNA
Mutated mRNA
Mutated A. Acids
Post Lab Questions
10. From the mutations you have explored, which one is the least severe. Explain your answer.
11. From the mutations you have explored, which one is the most severe. Why?
12. Aside from silent mutations which have no effect on amino acid sequence, are all mutations bad? Explain your answer.

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Using Standards for Data Comparison

(Week 3 Discussion)

Patient Information

Mr. Brown is a 65-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed 6 monthspreviously with a pre-malignant lesion of the tongue. The lesionwas surgically removed at that time and the patient was treatedwith radiation, 15 sessions over an 8-week period. Mr. Browncompleted radiation one month ago and now has no indication ofcancer.

During the radiation treatments, Mr. Brown developed sores inhis mouth, an extremely painful tongue, and a loss of taste. Hisdiet during that time consisted of very soft or liquid foods. Henow complains that he still only tolerates very soft or liquidfoods.

Overall, Mr. Brown appears pale and complains of tiring easily.He is 5â 10â tall and weighs 150 pounds. Prior to radiation, heweighed 180 pounds. At the end of his treatments he weighed 160pounds. Prior radiation, Mr. Brown was active and exercisedregularly. Mr. Brown is present in the outpatient clinic of thehospital to assess his weight loss and to evaluate him for thepresence of anemia.

Results from Mr. Brownâs lab tests are available and include aComprehensive Metabolic Panel and a Complete Blood Count.

Mr. Brown is married, and his wife is present with him duringhis clinic visit. He has a college degree and is employed in anoffice setting. Until his diagnosis, Mr. Brown was required totravel frequently for work.

You have been asked to see Mr. Brown and conduct a nutritionalassessment.

Question set #2. Recommended Nutrient Intakes. Recommendednutrient intakes for healthy people are recorded in the DietaryReference Intakes (DRI). Where can the DRIs be found? What are thefour different types of DRIs and what do they reference? How mightthe NHANES report âWhat We Eat in Americaâ be used as a comparatorin this case? Are you familiar with other nutrient intakestandards?

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NOTE: This lab assignment has questions related to binomial nomenclature. Please note that the assessment system does not accept formatted text, so you will need to indicate any italicized words by adding âITâ in parentheses after each word that is to be written in italics, (IT). For example, the common fruit fly is genus Drosphila and species melanogaster. When written, it is Drosophila melanogaster. From this example, the correct way to represent the italicized words is by typing, Drosphila (IT) melanogaster (IT).

Record the classes for each of the following arthropods, as determined from the dichotomous key (16 points): Organism 1 (Spider) Organism 2 (Bee) Organism 3 (Beetle) Organism 4 (Blue crab) Organism 5 (Crayfish) Organism 6 (Tick) Organism 7 (Fiddler crab) Organism 8 (Centipede) Organism 9 (Shrimp) Organism 10 (Millipede) Organism 11 (Wasp) Organism 12 (Grasshopper) Organism 13 (Horseshoe Crab) Organism 14 (Mole Crab) Organism 15 (Scorpion) Organism 16 (Squilla) Provide the family name for each shark based on the use of the dichotomous key provided (14 points): Shark 1 Shark 2 Shark 3 Shark 4 Shark 5 Shark 6 Shark 7 Shark 8 Shark 9 Shark 10 Shark 11 Shark 12 Shark 13 Shark 14 Submit the dichotomous key for the "imaginary" animals. (10 points) When might a prepared key be used to identify biological organisms? (5 points) Why are there only two choices for each step in the dichotomous key? (3 points) Why are observation skills important when working with dichotomous keys? (5 points) List the domain, kingdom, phylum, subphylum, class, order, family, genus, and species of humans. (9 points) domain kingdom phylum subphylum class order family genus species What is the scientific name for humans? (4 points) It is estimated that there are more than 1 million species of insects on this planet. Based on this and information gained from this laboratory, what phylum most likely comprises over 90% of the Earth's species? Briefly justify your answer. (4 points) Scorpions and spiders both belong to the same class called Arachnida. Birds and fish both belong to the phylum Chordata. Which two organisms are more closely related? Explain why. (5 points) Using the evolutionary distances from the protein sequences activity (Step 4 of the procedures), fill in the diagram below. The letters should correspond with the sequence numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5). (5 points) A B C D E

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BIO206H5 Chapter 4-6: Aysha Lab Worksheet6

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