Biology 1001A Chapter Notes - Chapter 19, 19.1 and 20.6: Convergent Evolution, Parallel Evolution, Macroevolution
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20. 6 parallelism and convergence can complicate the scene. Biologists must make the distinction between parallel and convergent extinction. If similar structures or similar-looking structures are grounds for grouping species together. There is a tendency among organisms living under the same conditions to develop similar body forms. This can be called parallel or convergent evolution, depending on the evolutionary relatedness of the organisms involved. Convergent evolution is used when referring to phylogenetically more distantly related organisms. Parallel evolution is used to describe more closely related organisms. 20. 6a case 1: what looks like a flower may not be one. Biologists originally thought an organism was a plant but it was actually a leaf modified by a fungus. The fungus affects the growth of the leaves, changing their appearance and odour. Many are fooled by this (scientists, insects, etc. ) => interferes with the fertilization of the plant. The rust also i(cid:374)hi(cid:271)its the for(cid:373)atio(cid:374) of the pla(cid:374)t"s o(cid:449)(cid:374) flo(cid:449)ers, (cid:373)i(cid:374)i(cid:373)izi(cid:374)g (cid:272)o(cid:374)fusio(cid:374) among pollinators.
