Biology 1001A Chapter Notes - Chapter 20: Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Pax6, Paraphyly
3 Apr 2016
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Definite: based on morphological characteristics, patterns of behaviour, chromosomal anatomy, details of physiology, cells and organ systems, modern systematics: use molecular sequences of nucleic acids and proteins as additional characteristics. Experiments must be conducted with individuals of single species, related in closed genetic system. Maybe because you"re mixing the phenotypes together, and: mixed responses confusing to underlying picture, different changes in different branches. Must use phenotypic traits as indication: useful systematic characters must be genetically independent, characteristics cannot affect each other in genome, so to not indirectly reuse the same trait separately, homologous characters, tetrapod vertebrates are homologous characters. Hoxd development of limbs: analogous characters, characters in different animals that serve the same function, homoplasious: phenotypic similarities/traits that evolved independently in different lineages. Wings in bats and birds (different detailed structure same function to fly: convergence: organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits.
