Biology 1002B Chapter Notes - Chapter Outcomes: Blastoderm, Start Codon, Missense Mutation

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erinimpala672

2 May 2019

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Given the genetic code, identify mutations as missense, nonsense, or silent. If mutation introduces another base pair or delete one that will shift the reading frame. Likely to destroy the function of the protein. Characteristics that make drosophila an attractive model system. Genome has a code for two different organisms. Egg nucleus can be fertilized to form a zygote nucleus. Each nuclei gets capture by the membrane to form a cell a. Main role of maternal effect, segmentation and homeotic genes in drosophila development. Help determine the next steps of genes to turn on. Transcribe in one body and translated in another. They create stripes of differentiation within the developing embryo. Triggered by segmentation begins to create specific structures. Chop up proteins and lead to programmed cell death. Protease that is expressed all the time but is not functional all the time. Can activate ced-3 to start chopping but ced-4 cannot since its inhibited by ced-9.

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Part B

Think about the DNA coding sequence of a gene. If an A were swapped for a T, what kind of mutation could it cause and why?

a) It could cause a frameshift nonsense or frameshift missense mutation because it would change the reading frame of the codon triplet.

b) It could cause a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation because those are the types that can be caused by a nucleotide-pair substitution like this one.

c) It could cause a nonsense mutation because the sequence would no longer be the same, so the protein would be shorter and non-functional.

d) It could cause a silent mutation because A and T are complementary to each other so it is not really a substitution mutation.

Part C

Why is a frameshift missense mutation more likely to have a severe effect on phenotype than a nucleotide-pair substitution missense mutation in the same protein?

a) A substitution missense mutation causes the protein to be shorter and thus non-functional.

b) A frameshift missense will cause the codons to be out of order, but a substitution missense does not change the order of the codons.

c) A frameshift missense mutation will cause an early Stop codon, but a substitution missense might be silent.

d) A substitution missense affects only one codon, but a frameshift missense affects all codons downstream of the frameshift.

Part D

Which of the following sequences shows a frameshift mutation compared to the wild-type mRNA sequence?

a) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUACAGAGUGA-3â

b) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUACGUUGGAGUGA-3â

c) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUACAUCUGGAGUGA-3â

d) wild-type	5â-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3â
mutant	5â-AUGCAUGUGACAUUGGAGUGA-3â

Part F

Suppose that the triplet of nucleotides indicated in bold (AGC) spans two codons, that is, CTA and GCC. If the triplet AGC were deleted from this DNA coding sequence, what effect would it have on the resulting protein?

5â-ATGCTAGCCTATCGTAAC-3â

a) The two flanking codons would be altered, but the rest of the amino acid sequence would be the same because there would be no frameshift.

b) The entire amino acid sequence would be altered due to the frameshift.

c) All of the amino acids after the deletion would be altered due to the frameshift.

d) All of the amino acids up to the deletion would be altered due to the frameshift.

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Biology 1002B Chapter Notes - Chapter Outcomes: Blastoderm, Start Codon, Missense Mutation

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