BI111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 47.1/47.2: Competitive Exclusion Principle, Niche Differentiation, Interspecific Competition

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22 Apr 2018

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A population exists only where members can tolerate the physical environment. Competition between species can occur when different species use the same resources in the same place. Distinct species can coexist if they do not use the same resources. The niche is a species place in nature: The combination of a species physical habitat and its ecological role in that habitat defines its niche. A niche is a multidimensional habitat that allows a species to practice its way of life. The niche is therefore determines by both physical factors such as chemistry and soil (abiotic) and biological factors like the interaction between different species (biotic) Niches have dual nature in that they reflect where organisms occur and what they do there. Niche refers to the ways that organisms respond to, and also affect, the resources and other species found in that habitat. The realised niche of a species is more restricted than its fundamental niche:

Related Questions

16. Which of the following statements best describes a commensal symbiotic relationship between two species? Both species benefit. One species benefits and the other is unaffected. One species benefits and the other is harmed. Both species are harmed.

17. The fundamental niche of an organism is determined by ______ factors, while the realized niche is determined by ______ factors. biotic; abiotic abiotic; biotic biotic; biotic abiotic; abiotic

18. Competition between species can be reduced as a result of character displacement. This is because one of the species becomes extinct. the species will no longer compete for the same resource. the niche of at least one of the species is changed. Both B and C are correct.

19. When they winter in Central and South America, robins form flocks and feed on fruit. During the summer, they migrate to North America, where they feed on caterpillars, earthworms and other animals. These birds are best described as herbivores. omnivores. detrivores. carnivores.

20. For your final examination before you receive your degree from Penn State, you have been given a slide that contains an unknown tissue from a multi-cellular eukaryote. You have been asked to identify if that tissue is from an animal, a fungus, or a plant. As you stare through the microscope at the slide, you remember that you learned the major differences between these cells in Biology 11. You look for the presence of ______, found only in plant cells, and the absence of ______, never seen in animal cells. But, the cells that you are looking at have a cell wall and do not have chloroplasts. You confidently circle ______ on the answer sheet. chloroplasts; mitochondria; animal mitochondria; chloroplasts; animal chloroplasts; cell walls; fungus mitochondria; cell walls; fungus

1. Honey bees engage in entomophily, pollinationthrough pollen distribution, as part of the process to producehoney. What is entomophily an example of?

Ecosystem

Niche

Community

Habitat

2. The organisms that represent the different species within anecosystem that interact in various ways, comprise a_______________

Population

Trophic level

Species

Community

Habitat

3. Inheritable mutations, which may allow a population toevolve, are produced

As a response to selection pressure

By chance

By natural selection

As a response to environmental pressure

By artificial selection

4. The ability of fireflies and angler fish to produce light isan example of convergent evolution. What can you conclude aboutthese two animals based on this information?

They share a recent common ancestor

The ability to produce light is an ancient trait

They are found in the same location

They are both adapted to environments which are low in light

All of the above

5. A zorse is the offspring produced through interbreedingbetween a horse and a zebra. Zorses are often preferred for ridingbecause of their physical shape, but they are sterile. According toLinnaean taxonomy, are zebras and horses classified in the samespecies?

Yes

Sometimes

Not enough information to determine

orchidwasp82

if the sheep population in Tasmaania went from 30,000 in 1820 to1,900,000 in 1850, what was this population's annual r value duringthis period?

a 0.174905

b. 0.151795

c. 0.138280

d. 0.144178

The population interaction that occurs when two popuationsrequire the same resource that is in insufficient supply to providethe needs of both populations is

a. intraspecific competition

b. interspecific population

c. synbiosis

d. exploitation

A gathering of males to perform courship rituals within atraditional arena is called ?

a. a gaggle

b. a lek

c. a territory

d. a & b

The range of physical conditions within which individuals of aspecies can persist in the presence of predators and consumers istermed ?

a. realized niche

b. habitat

c. fundamental niche

d. lek

Population size can be regulated by

a. density independent factors

b. density dependent factors

c. dispersal

d. a & c

The phenomenon where individuals prefer mating with indiviudalswith similar genotypes is called ?

a. negative assortative making

b. positive assortative mating

c. assortative mating

d. genetic drift

A consumer which generally does not kill its resource is a?

a. carnivore

b. parasite

c. predator

d. b & d

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BI111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 47.1/47.2: Competitive Exclusion Principle, Niche Differentiation, Interspecific Competition

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