EC238 Chapter 9: Chapter 9
Chapter 9 - Criteria for Evaluating Environmental Policies
centralized policy - requires administrative agency to be responsible for determining what is to be done
decentralized policy - gets results from interaction of many individual decision makers, each of whom is
essentially making his own assessment of the situation
policy is cost effective if it produces the maximum environmental improvement possible for the
resources being expended, or achieves a given amount of environmental improvement at the least
possible cost
policies have to be enforced through monitoring of emissions or technologies used, negotiations with
polluters about timetables for compliance, and the legal system used to address violations of a law
just cause there is a law doesn't mean people will comply therefore you need to monitor and
enforce it
Two main steps in enforcement
monitoring - refers to measuring the performance of polluters in comparison to whatever
requirements are set out in the relevant law
sanctioning - refers to the task of bringing to justice those whom monitoring has shown to be in
violation of the law
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