BCHM 2020 Chapter 3: Chapter 3 - Water.docx

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The water molecule (h2o) is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Water has a tetrahedral geometry because its oxygen atom is sp3 hybridized and at the center of the tetrahedron is the oxygen atom. Two of the corners are occupied by hydrogen atoms, each of which is linked to the oxygen atom by a single covalent bond (1). This arrangement gives the water molecule an overall bent geometry. The other two corners are occupied by the unshared electron pairs of the oxygen. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen (i. e. oxygen has a greater capcity to attract electrons when bonded to hydrogen). Consequently, the larger oxygen bears a negative charge (d-) and each of the two hydrogen bonds bears a partial positive charge. The electron distribution in oxygen-hydrogen bonds is displaced toward the oxygen, and, therefore, the bond is polar.

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