ECON 113 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: John Dewey, Jim Crow Laws, American Railway Union
Document Summary
1895: scotus rules income taxes unconstitutional in pollock v. farmers" loan & trust they are direct taxes on property and were not apportioned according to state population. 1909: pinchot- ballinger controversy splits the republican party. 1909: the national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp) is formed by. 1912: congress creates the u. s. commission on industrial relations recommended widow"s pensions, compulsory school attendance, juvenile courts, etc. 1912: eugene v. debs runs as a third-party presidential candidate of the american socialist. Party established the american railway union (which led the pullman strike of 1894) 1912: democrat woodrow wilson takes the presidency signs the underwood-simmons tariff, which lowers tariff rates but increases income tax with the revenue act of 1913. 1913: federal reserve act creates a national banking system. 1913: the sixteenth amendment to the constitution is adopted, allowing congress to levy income taxes. 1913: the seventeenth amendment to the constitution is adopted, providing for popular election of u. s. senators.
