CAS EC 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Fixed Cost, Production Function, Average Variable Cost

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Learning objectives: the goal of a firm is to maximize profit. Total revenue, total cost, and profit: profit = total revenue total cost, total revenue the total income of a firm from the sale of goods or services. Is equal to price x quantity: total cost is equal to fixed costs + variable costs. Fixed costs costs that a company will incur that are independent of the level of output. For example: rent, advertising and insurance are all costs that the firm will incur even if the level of output is zero. Variable costs costs that vary with the level of output. For example, raw material costs and labor costs. Costs as opportunity costs: opportunity cost refers to everything that must be forgone to acquire an item. For example, the opportunity cost of going to college includes 4 years of foregone wages that you would have earned had you worked instead: explicit costs out of pocket expenses.

Related Questions

5. Economic profit is equal to

a. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.

b. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.

c. total revenue minus the accounting cost of producing goods and services.

d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.

6. Accounting profit is equal to

a. marginal revenue minus marginal cost.

b. total revenue minus the explicit cost of producing goods and services.

c. total revenue minus the opportunity cost of producing goods and services.

d. average revenue minus the average cost of producing the last unit of a good or service.

7. Economic profit

a. will never exceed the accounting profit.

b. is most often equal to accounting profit

c. is always at least as large as accounting profit.

d. is a less complete measure of profitability than accounting profit

8. Which of the following expressions is correct?

a. accounting profit = total revenue - explicit costs

b. economic profit = total revenue - implicit costs

c. economic profit = total revenue - explicit costs

d. Both a and b are correct

Scenario 13-2:

Zach took $400,000 out of the bank and used it to start his new cookie business. The bank account pays 3% interest per year. During the first year of his business, Zach sold 6,000 boxes of cookies for $2.50. Also during the first year, the cookie business incurred costs that required outlays of money amounting to $9,000.

9. Zach's accounting profit for the year was

10. Zach's economic profit for the year was

Scenario 14-1:

As part of an estate settlement, Mary received $1 million. She decided to use the money to purchase a small business in Anywhere, USA. If Mary would have invested the $1 million in a risk-free bond fund she could have made $100,000 each year. She also quit her job with Lucky.Com Inc. to devote all of her time to her new business; her salary at Lucky.Com Inc. was $75,000 per

11. At the end of the first year of operating her new business, Mary's accountant reported an accounting profit of $150,000. What was Mary's economic profit?

Complete Table 1. Summarize your calculations and use Microsoft Excel.

Using Excel, draw one graph showing average fixed costs, average variable costs, average total costs, marginal revenue, and marginal costs.

Using the data in the table and on your graph, what is the profit maximizing, or loss minimizing level of output? Explain and justify your answers.

What is a normal profit? What is an economic profit? Explain your answer using examples. Are normal profits being earned in this example? Are economic profits present for this firm in this example? Explain your answers.

Given the data in the table and the graph, how could you determine or identify the optimal plant size?

What is the difference between explicit and implicit cost? Explain your answers.

How would we determine if a cost is a fixed cost or a variable cost?

Output	Average Fixed cost	Average Variable Cost	Average Total Cost	Marginal Cost	Price	Total Revenue	Marginal Revenue
0					$ 345.00
1	$ 180.00	$ 135.00	$ 315.00		$ 300.00
2	$ 90.00	$ 127.50	$ 217.50		$ 249.00
3	$ 60.00	$ 120.00	$ 180.00		$ 213.00
4	$ 45.00	$ 112.50	$ 157.50		$ 189.00
5	$ 36.00	$ 111.00	$ 147.00		$ 165.00
6	$ 30.00	$ 112.50	$ 142.50		$ 144.00
7	$ 25.71	$ 115.70	$ 141.41		$ 126.00
8	$ 22.50	$ 121.90	$ 144.40		$ 111.00
9	$ 20.00	$ 130.00	$ 150.00		$ 99.00
10	$ 18.00	$ 139.50	$ 157.50		$ 87.00

1.Profit maximizing firms should increase output to the point where:

a.Total revenue is largest

b.Total revenue just exceeds total costs

c.An increase in revenue is just offset by an increase in cost.

d.Fixed costs are covered

e.Total cost is minimized

2.The Golden Rule of Output Determination for a perfectly competitive firm is to:

a.Choose the output rate at which price is greatest.

b.Choose the output rate at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

c.Produce to the point of diminishing marginal returns

d.Produce until total revenue exceeds total cost.

e.Choose the output rate at which total cost is the lowest.

3.Which of the following conditions would indicate that a perfectly competitive firm should expand output to increase its profit?

a.Marginal cost equals average cost

b.Total cost exceeds marginal cost

c.Price exceeds marginal cost

d.Total revenue exceeds total costs

e.Total revenue equal price

4. It would not pay a firm to produce anything in the short run if the price were:

a.Above average total costs

b.Equal to marginal cost and above the average variable cost.

c.Equal to total revenue divided by output

d.Below average variable cost

e.Below marginal average cost

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CAS EC 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Fixed Cost, Production Function, Average Variable Cost

CAS EC 101 Full Course Notes

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