CHE 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Carnot Cycle, Digital Negative, Isolated System

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A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings. A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary. A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding. Part of the universe other than system, which can interact with it. The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i. e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc. Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc. Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i. e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration , Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i. e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc. Path along which state of a system changes. Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.

Related Questions

Question #1

Thermodynamics is defined as the science that explores the equilibrium energy relationships between a given system (body of matter), its physical boundary and the outside surroundings.

For example, for a glass of pure water sitting on a table in an air-conditioned room. The system would be the water, the physical boundary would be the glass and the surroundings would be the air-conditioned room.

For each of the items below, please specify which is the system, the boundary and the surroundings. (You can illustrate with a diagram if you wish.)

1- A gas enclosed in a piston-cylinder assembly

2- A cylinder of compressed CO₂ in a large air conditioned room at 1 atm at room temperature

3- A thermos bottle containing iced-tea

4- An ice cube surrounded by liquid water at 32^oF and 1 atm in a refrigerator

5- A teapot of boiling water

Help please

Propane question

A quantity of propane is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly. This working fluid undergoes a process starting from an initial state of 2.0 MPa and 60oC. At the end of the process the pressure of the propane is 1.0 MPa and the specific entropy is 0.089 kJ/kgK higher than at the start of the process.

Determine the temperature of the propane at the end of the process.

Steam turbine question The mass flow rate through a steam turbine operating under steady conditions is 100 kg/s. Steam enters the turbine at 12 MPa and 400oC. A mixture of vapour and liquid water exits the turbine at 10 kPa. At the exit state 93% of the mass of the water is in vapour form. The turbine loses heat to the surroundings at the rate of 3 MW. Kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored.

Do the following: (a) Draw a schematic of the system and clearly indicate the system boundary using a dashed line. Indicate and label the mass flow inlets and outlets. Using arrows, illustrate the energy transfers between the system and surroundings by heat transfer and by work.

(b) Write a 1st law energy balance for the system that agrees with your schematic.
Cancel all unnecessary terms, providing justification for why these terms can
be cancelled.
(c) Draw the process on a T-s diagram, clearly indicating the state points and the
isobars corresponding to the state points.
(d) Calculate the power generated by the turbine in MW.
(e) Calculate the change in specific entropy from inlet to exit in kJ/kgK

CHE 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Carnot Cycle, Digital Negative, Isolated System

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