BIO* - Biology BIO* M121 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Glycosidic Bond, Pentose, Triose
9 Jun 2020
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Document Summary
Monosaccharide monomers are simple sugars that vary structurally in four primary ways. Number and arrangement of hydroxyl (-oh) groups. Number of c atoms: triose (3c), pentose (5c), hexose (6c) It is rare for pentose sugars and larger to be linear in aqueous. Variation of the four characteristics distinguish sugars from each other and give them unique arrays of functional groups and properties. Glycosidic bonds form between oh groups and link monomers together. Their location and geometry can vary widely among polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are covalently linked by glycosidic bonds. A glycosidic bond occurs when oh groups on different monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction. Glycosidic bonds form between oh groups; each monomer has at least two. Thus, the geometry and locations of glycosidic bonds can vary widely. The a-1,4- and b-1,4- glycosidic bonds are most common. These linkages are different structurally, and this carries over functionality. Starch is a mixture of about 10-30% amylose (unbranched) + about 70-90% amylopectin (branched)
