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CHEM 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Ideal Gas Law, Kinetic Theory Of Gases, Combined Gas Law

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kurtzkm
13 Aug 2019
School
College of Charleston
Department
Chemistry and Biochemistry
Course
CHEM 111
Professor
Deavor

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Document Summary

Gas pressure is a measure of the force exerted on a given area of surface (11. 1b). Gas pressure is measured using a barometer or a manometer (11. 1b). The si unit of pressure is the pascal (pa), but common pressure units are atmosphere, millimeters of mercury, and bar (11. 1b). Boyle"s law states that the pressure and volume of a gas sample are inversely related when the amount of gas and temperature are held constant (11. 2a). Charles"s law states that the temperature and volume of a gas sample are directly related when the pressure and the amount of gas are held constant (11. 2b). Absolute zero ( 0 k, -273. 15 o c) is the temperature at which gas volume is equal to zero. Avogadro"s law states that the volume and amount (in moles) of a gas are directly related (11. 2b). when pressure and temperature are held constant (11. 2c). 11. 3 the combined and ideal gas laws.

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Related Questions


Charles’s law states that the volume of a gas is directly related to the absolute temperature when there is no change in the pressure or amount of gas: (Figure 1)

V1T1=V2T2

Part A

A sample of gas in a balloon has an initial temperature of 30 ∘C and a volume of 1770 L . If the temperature changes to 90 ∘C , and there is no change of pressure or amount of gas, what is the new volume, V2, of the gas?

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Part B

What Celsius temperature, T2, is required to change the volume of the gas sample in Part A (T1 = 30 ∘C , V1= 1770 L ) to a volume of 3540 L ? Assume no change in pressure or the amount of gas in the balloon.

Express your answer with the appropriate units.

Show transcribed image text
Boyles Law

a) A10.0 L sample of a gas at 25oC and 1.5 atm iscompressed at constant temperature to a volume of 1.0 L. What isthe new pressure?

b) A3.5 L sample of a gas at 1.0 atm is expanded at constanttemperature until the pressure is 0.10atm. What is the volume of the gas?

Charless Law

a) A2.5 L sample of gas at 25oC is heated to50oC at constant pressure. What is the finalvolume?

b) Whattemperature would be required to increase the volume from 2.5 L to6.0 L?

Avogadros Law

a) Assumingno change in temperature and pressure, how many moles of methane(CH4) need to be added to 0.50 moles of methane todouble the volume?

b) 50g of solid carbon dioxide evaporates to carbon dioxide gas atstandard temperature and pressure. What isthe volume of carbon dioxide gas?

Combined Gas Laws

Calculate the temperature when a 0.50 L sample of gas at 1.0 atmand 25oC is compressed to 0.05 L of gas at 5.0atm.

Ideal Gas Law

a) Whatis the volume of gas occupied by 10.0 g CH4 at37oC and 4 atm?

b) Whatis the mass of N2 required to occupy 5.0 L at80oC and 560 mmHg?

Molar Density of Gases

a) Whatis the density of He at STP?

b) Whatis the density of carbon dioxide at 120oC and 1.5atm?

Application of Gas Laws:

a) How many grams ofNO2, nitrogen dioxide, are contained in 0.500 L of thegas at STP?

b) Calculate thedensity of NO2 gas, in grams per liter, at 110C and 12atm.

c) Calculate the molarmass of a gas if 0.125 g of the gas occupies 93.3 mL at STP.

d) On a spring morning(15C) you fill your tires to a pressure of 2.25 atmospheres. As youride along, the tire heats up to 45C from the friction on the road.What is the pressure in your tires now?

e) What volume ofH2 is formed at STP when 6.0 g of Al is treated withexcess NaOH?

2NaOH+ 2Al + 6H2O 2NaAl(OH)4 +3H2(g)

Application of Gas Law

a) Whatis the effect on the volume of an ideal gas when the temperature isdecreased from 700K to 350K at constant pressure?

b) Whatis the effect on the volume of an ideal gas when both the pressureand temperature are reduced by half?

c) Whatis the effect on the volume of an ideal gas when the pressure ischanged from 722 torr to 0.950 atm, and the temperature is changedfrom 5oC to 273 K?

Stoichiometric Relationships

a) Howmany grams of phosphorus react with 35.5 L of O2 at STPto form tetraphosphorus oxide, according to the following reactionequation?

P4 (s) + 5 O2 (g)P4O10 (s)

b) Ammonia decomposes to nitrogen and hydrogen when in thepresence of heated steel wool. What is thefinal volume of the gas when 45 g of ammonia decomposes at150oC and 1 atm pressure. Writea balanced equation before you start your calculations!

Daltons Law of Partial Pressures

a) A sample of a natural gas contains 8.24 moles of methane(CH4), 0.421 mole of ethane(C2H6), and 0.116 mole of propane(C3H8). If the totalpressure of the gases is 1.37 atm, what are the partial pressuresof the gases?

b) Earths atmosphere consist of 78% N2and 20%O2, and other gases. What is the partial pressure ofN2 and O2intorr, when the atmospheric pressure is 1 atm?

c) Ammonia is completely decomposed to nitrogen and hydrogen, asin question 9b). At the end of theexperiment the pressure of the gas mixture is 866mmHg. Calculate the partial pressures ofN2 and H2.