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CHEM 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy, Junkers J 1

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maroonwalrus873

4 Mar 2016

School

Drexel University

Department

Course

Professor

Wambsgans Anthony

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Document Summary

Each substance has a set of properies that is characterisic of the substance and gives it a unique idenity. Physical properies are inherent in the substance and can be determined without altering the composiion of the substance: color, taste, odor, state of mater, density, meling point, boiling point. Chemical properies describe the ability of a substance to interact with other substances to form diferent substances. A physical change is a change in the physical properies or a change in the state of mater for a substance without altering the composiion of the substance. In a chemical change diferent substances are formed that have diferent properies and composiion from the original material. Chemical changes can be represented by chemical equaions: word equaion, molecular equaion, symbol (formula) equaion. Read- read the problem carefully, determining what is known and what is to be solved.

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Related Questions

I need help doing my lab homework, I missed lab that day because, I was sick and it's due.

Chemical Reactions and Equations Learning objectives To observe physical and chemical properties associated with chemical changes To be able to give evidence for the occurrence of a chemical reaction To write a balanced chemical equation To identify areaction as a combination, decomposition, precipitation, single or double replacement, or combustion reaction ntroduction When a substance undergoes a physical change, it changes its appearance but not its composition. For example, when ice melts to form water, it undergoes a physical change from solid to liquid. In a chemical change, the composition of a substance is changed to give a new substance with different physical and chemical properties. For example, when silver tarnishes, the shiny silver (Ag) changes to a dull gray silver sulfide (AgaS). Not only has the chemical formula changed from Ag to Agus, but also the physical properties (shininess) of the substance have changed. Some examples of physical and chemical changes are listed in Table 1 below. Table 1. Comparison of Physical and Chemical Changes Examples of Physical changes Examples and Evidence of Chemical Changes Change in state (melting, freezing, evaporating Formation of a gas (bubbles) subliming) Formation of a solid (precipitate) Change in size Tearing Change in Color Heat is given off or absorbed A solid dissolving in a solvent In a chemical reaction, atoms in the reactants are rearranged to produce new combinations of atoms in the products. However, the total number of atoms of each element in the reactants is equal to the total number of atoms in the products. This is true according to the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states that the total mass remains constant during a chemical reaction. In other words, matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. In a chemical equation, the reactants are shown on the left and the products are on the right. An arrow in between indicates that a chemical reaction occurs. Finally, the physical state of each compound is designated in parentheses after the chemical formula. Solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous (dissolved in water) are shown as(s,(n,(g), and (aq), respectively.

Identification of an unknown compound

Draw the actual structure of the unknown

Explain why this conclusion was reached

Explain how the functional groups were determined based IR

How did you get the exact structure from using NMR

Identify how chemical shifts and peaks areas match hydrogens in the proposed structure

Comment on splitting patterns if they are discernible

Determine the identity of the unknown, explaining why the structure is consistent with NMR and IR

Include melting/boiling points, compare with the literature value of your unknown

Include the reflective index

Include the spectra, including comments

Please answer the question neatly and clearly.

Be as detailed as possible. Show examples if necessary. Thanks*

Lab B4 Le ChÃ¢telier's Principle Introduction All chemical reactions proceed until equilibrium is reached, provided none of the reactants or the products are removed from the reaction mixture. Le ChÃ¢telier's principle describes what happens to an equilibrium after it has been disturbed (Ebbing/Gammon, Sections 14.7, 14.8, and 14.9). 05 Purpose You will study the application of Le ChÃ¢telier's principle by seeing the effect of the addition of Fe and SCN-to an equilibrium mixture of Fe", SCN, and Fe(SCN)ê³¼, the effect of the addition of an acid to an equilibrium mixture of Ni2, NHs, and Ni(NH)% the effect of the addition of an acid and a base on the equilibrium involving an indicator; the effect of acids and bases on the solubility of Ca(OH)2 in water and the effect of temperature on an equilibrium mixture of Co', cr, and CoCla 2- New Substances In this experiment you will encounter some substances that you may not have seen before. The reaction between Fe and SCN (thiocyanate ion) gives Fe(SCN)2. This substance is a deeply colored complex ion. Other complex ions that you will encounter are Ni(NHs)6 and CoCl These substances result from the reaction between Ni? and NH3 and from the reaction between Co and CI, respectively. You will also study an equilibrium involving methyl orange, an indicator. Indicators are discussed in Appendix D. Read the second, third, and fourth paragraphs of that appendix to gain an understanding of the physical and chemical properties of this indicator. Concept of the Experiment Le ChÃ¢telier's principle can be described in the following way: "When a system in chemical equilibrium is disturbed by a change of temperature, pressure, or concentration, the system shifts in equilibrium composition in a way that tends to counteract this change of variable" (Ebbing/Gammon, Section 14.7). This statement explains the effects that you will encounter in this experiment. Procedure lib Getting Started 1. Obtain 3 small test tubes and a piece of filter paper Obtain directions for discarding the solutions that you will use in this experiment from your laboratory instructor. Be careful handling the solutions used in this experiment. 2. 3. CAUTION: Solutions of ammonia, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide can cause chemical burns, in addition to ruining your clothing. Do not use your finger as a stopper when mixing these solutions. If you spill any of these solutions on you, wash the contaminated area thoroughly and immediately report the incident to your laboratory instructor. You may require further treatment. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publily accessible website, in whole or in part be o 2013 Cengage Leaming All Rights Reserved. custom page 125