BIOL 301 Chapter 13.3:
26 Jan 2019
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13. 3 phosphoryl group transfers and atp: heterotrophic cells use catabolism to obtain free energy, which is used to synthesize. Evolution has selected for mechanisms that maintain atp at levels high above equilibrium concentrations for the hydrolysis reaction: when atp levels drop, so does the phosphorylation potential, this means the hydrolysis itself releases less energy. Informational macromolecules: high molecular weight polymers that have information- containing sequences (e. g. dna, rna, and proteins: nucleoside triphosphates are precursors for dna and rna. Atp provides the energy for active transport and muscle contraction: for example, the na+ k+ atpase is a membrane transporter protein for sodium and potassium. Inorganic polyphosphate can donate phosphoryl groups: this is a linear polymer of linked pi residues that is found in all cells. It can accumulate in some cells and can sometimes serve as a phosphagen: a reservoir of phosphoryl groups for generation of atp.
