ESC-1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Crystal Habit, Atomic Number, Specific Gravity
17 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
Mineral refers to naturally occurring solids that are inorganic. They possess orderly crystalline structures and characteristic chemical composition. Minerals composed of atoms of 1 or more elements. Atoms are made up of protons neutrons and electrons. Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of an element, oxygen has 8 protons and its atomic number is 8. Protons and neutrons are same size and mass. Electrons smaller weighs about 2000 times less than a proton. Electro(cid:374)s swar(cid:373) arou(cid:374)d a(cid:374) ato(cid:373)"s (cid:374)ucleus i(cid:374) energy levels called principal shells: electrons in the outer most shell are called valence electrons. Important when one atom bonds with other atoms to form chemical compounds: similar numbers of valence electrons in elements corresponds with similar behavior. Attracted atoms can form chemical bonds: transfer and sharing of valence elections. Most stable arrangement for most atoms is 8 electrons in the outer principal shell: octet rule.
