CHEM 211 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3.11-3.17: Covalent Bond, Deuterium, Equilibrium Constant
19 Oct 2016
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Carboxylic acids are weak acids, pka range of 3-5: alcohols are 15-18. Delocalization effect of negative charge through resonance: charge dislocation is always a stabilizing factor, if there is delocalization, more acidic. this is because less energy is needed to form ions if there is delocalization. Inductive effect: inductive electron-withdrawing effect = when electronegativity of atoms help stabilize charge. Inductive effects in other groups: substituent effect = when the strength of other electron-attracting groups increases acidity of a molecule. Additional substituents help make a molecule more acidic, especially if it brings inductive effect: any factor that stabilizes the conjugate base of an acid will increase the strength of an acid. Chapter 3. 12: the effect of the solvent on acidity. Most acids are more acidic in a solvent, less acidic in absence of solvent (ex. when they"re in gas form: this is because separation of ions is easier.
