PSY 139 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Twin, Mental Disorder, Developmental Psychopathology
22 May 2015
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Hopelessness is not a necessary cause of: a contributory cause (cause x) is one that increases the probability of a disorder (disorder y) developing but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the disorder to occur. For example, parental rejection could increase the probability that a child will later have difficulty in handling close personal relationships or could increase the probability that being rejected in a relationship in adulthood will precipitate depression. We say here that parental rejection is a contributory cause for the person"s later difficulties, but it is neither necessary nor sufficient: if x occurs, then the probability of y occurring increases. An example is the extra attention, sympathy, and relief from unwanted responsibility that may come when a person is ill; these pleasant experiences may unintentionally discourage recovery: feedback and bi-directionality in abnormal behavior. It can derive from biological, psychological, or sociocultural causal factors.
