CJS 369 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-8: Group Areas Act, Parliamentary System, Paramount Leader
15 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
CJS 369 Final Exam Review Sheet
Professor : Dawn Beichner
Essay 4 question
SOUTH AFRICA & The Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Required Reading: Terrill, Chapter 4, Hamber (2002), Leebaw (2001) & the Truth and
Reconciliation website from the syllabus
How does South Africa compare with other countries, in terms of:
Government? Parliamentary system, with a three tier system of government. Legislative
authority is held by the police, executive is through the president of south africa, and legislative
Police? National police force, 1138 police stations
Courts?
Corrections?
Juvenile Justice?
What are the unique features?
What practices should be borrowed by other countries?
What are the key critical issues?
● What was the policy of apartheid? separateness; racially discriminating legislation
creating gross human rights violations.
● What were the following key legislative acts that were central to the apartheid policy
agenda? Native Land Act,- an act of the parliament of south africa that was aimed at
regulating the acquisition of land.
● Urban Areas Act, - The act of south africa as white in cities and town to carry around
permits called passes at all times.
● Color Bar Act,- The act to protect blacks from access to certain jobs.
● Native Administration act,- The Governor -General of South Africa could banish a
native or tribe from one area to another whenever he deemed this expedient or in general
public interest.
● Representation of Natives Act-
● Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949) Prohibited the marriages of whites with
people of other races
● Population Registration Act (1950) Created a national register of the race of every
person. Four distinct racial groups were identified: white, black, colored, and other.
Linguistic and physical characteristics were often employed to determine a person's race.
This law was a central feature of apartheid
● Group Areas Act (1950) Forced the separation of races by creation of separate residential
areas for whites, blacks, colored, and Asians/Indians. This law was a central feature of
apartheid
● Bantu Building workers Act (1951)- Enables blacks to be trained in a building trade,
which had previously been reserved for whites, but made it a criminal offense to perform
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
CJS 369 Final Exam Review Sheet
Professor : Dawn Beichner
Essay 4 question
the skill in an area that was not designated for blacks. This law was a central feature of
apartheid
● Bantu Education Act (1953) \Established the Black Education Department within the
national Department of Native Affairs. This Education Department designed a curriculum
that the national government felt was suitable for black Africans. The legislation limited
the educational opportunities for blacks; it was specifically geared for teaching them
skills that would enable them only to be employed in common laboring jobs under the
direction of whites
● Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953) Enables segregation between whites and
other races in the context of all public amenities, such as beaches, park benches
, swimming pools, public toilets, etc. Designed to reduce contact among races.
● What is the significance of the Sharpeville massacre? Police killed at least 67 people, and
wounded an additional 186. This prompted the government to outlaw two of the leading
black organizations, the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress.
● According to our textbook author, why did Western democracies not do more to stop the
abuses of apartheid? 1. a number of countries had not fully addressed their own history or
extant policies associated with racial discrimination.
● 2. the period of time when the apartheid took place was the time of the Cold War, when
the entire world was either on the side of the US and their allies, or the Soviet Union and
their allies. South Africa had a long history of opposing communism - on the side of the
US, criticisms of SA's domestic policies were often muted.
● Who is the African National Congress (ANC)? To protest the unequal discriminatory
treatment of blacks that was highlighted in the early years of Union of SA by the Natives
Land Act.
● What was the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC)? Members were people who felt the ANC
was at times not catering to the interests of blacks. It was the PAC began the
demonstrations outside of sharpeville.
● What was the South African Students’ Organization (SASO)? Created on ideals of
nonviolent protest- feeling that the PAC and ANC relied too much on white blacks
should run their own organizations Their leader , Steve Biko , was found murdered in his
prison cell.
● Who was Nelson Mandela? sworn in as president of the new South Africa in 1994.
● What are the townships that emerged from the Group Areas Act (1950)? Areas for
whites ,blacks , colored , and asians\indians .
● Do they still exist? no
● What is the philosophy of Ubuntu? meaning humaneness, it is a hopeful philosophy of
life that has deep roots in the culture of the native people and emphasizes compassion and
respect for humanity and solidarity as a group
● What is the constitution of South Africa and what are the key features? 14 chapters and
243 sections , reflects the philosophy of ubuntu from the outset.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
CJS 369 Final Exam Review Sheet
Professor : Dawn Beichner
Essay 4 question
● What is South African Parliament and what are the two houses? The National Assembly
and the National Council of Provinces , responsible for legislative matters associated with
the national government.
● What is the South African Human Rights Commission? responsible for the promotion,
protection, and monitoring of human rights in the country
● What is the Commission for Gender Equality? tasked to protect gender equality and to
advance the same; conducts research, educates, lobbies, and reports on matters associated
with gender equality
● What are the contemporary concerns (education, unemployment, HIV/AIDS, corruption,
crime prevalence)?
● What is the organization of the South African Police Service? Created on ideals of
nonviolent protest- feeling that the PAC and ANC relied too much on white liberals
leadership and felt that blacks should run their own organizations. Their leader , Steve
BIKO was founded murder while in prison cell.
● What is the historic relationship between the police and the public? The police were once
seen as a force that was often confrontational to the citizenry and did not treat the
majority of people as citizens, and after 1994 there was an effort to change the police to a
force that espoused service to the community in which respect for the individual and
acknowledgment for human rights was central feature of the organization.
● What explains the growth in private security in South Africa? The high level of crime and
the public's distrust of the competence of the SA Police Service.
● What are the 4 levels of courts in South Africa? constitutional court, supreme court of
appeal, high courts, magistrates courts
● Who are the attorneys and advocates in the system and why does this resemble
England?attorneys: the office lawyers or legal generalists who handle most of the legal
paperwork that most people need from a lawyer
● similar to solicitors in England.
● What are the two types of criminal laws in South Africa? common law offenses and
statutory offenses
● Does South Africa use the death penalty? No,South Africa abolished the death penalty
in 1995
● What are victim services in South Africa? the right to assistance may involve counseling,
health, or social services; the right to compensation for loss or damaged property, right to
restitution
● What are the noninstitutional sanctions in South Africa? correctional supervision or
probation, suspended sentence, postponed sentence, committal to a treatment center,
community service order, fines
● What is NICRO? National Institute for crime prevention and the Reintegration of
Offenders- associated with issues regarding crime justice reform (human rights and
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
South africa & the truth and reconciliation commission. Required reading: terrill, chapter 4, hamber (2002), leebaw (2001) & the truth and. How does south africa compare with other countries, in terms of: Parliamentary system, with a three tier system of government. Legislative authority is held by the police, executive is through the president of south africa, and legislative. What was the policy of apartheid? separateness; racially discriminating legislation creating gross human rights violations. Native land act,- an act of the parliament of south africa that was aimed at regulating the acquisition of land. Urban areas act, - the act of south africa as white in cities and town to carry around permits called passes at all times. Color bar act,- the act to protect blacks from access to certain jobs. Native administration act,- the governor -general of south africa could banish a native or tribe from one area to another whenever he deemed this expedient or in general public interest.
