HIS 220 Chapter 3: A Brief History Reading 7 - pages 79 to 83
Document Summary
Developments in military equipment and organization altered the nature of warfare in the early city- states. Ideology: the citizen is the slave of the common good. Beginning in 650 bc, armies were increasingly made up of heavily armored foot soldiers called hoplites: arranged in a phalanx (a tightly packed formation) Soldiers lined up shoulder to shoulder with each rank: transition to the new form of fighting was gradual, battle tactics: opposing phalanxes charged at each other and collided. The first to break formation or retreat lost. The ranks in the back pushed against the ranks in front of the(cid:373) to atte(cid:373)pt to (cid:271)reak the opposi(cid:374)g phala(cid:374)x"s ra(cid:374)ks. Took incredible courage to remain in place during the battle. Weaponry and armor (made of bronze: a long, heavy spear. Thrusting and jabbing: short slashing sword. Close-in fighting: helmet, breastplate, greaves (shin and knee protectors, hoplon (shield) Round piece of wood covered with a thin sheet of bronze.
