SOC 123 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Copper Iuds, Intrauterine Device, Medicaid
●Contraception
○The US
■99% of women of reproductive age have used at some point
■Typical heterosexual women may need a form of contraception for 30
years
■½ off all pregnancies in the US are unplanned
■Women who use birth control consistently and correctly have only 5% of
the unplanned pregnancies
■Increased contraceptive use among teenagers but we still have one of the
highest rates of teen pregnancies among developed nations
■Most americans support access to contraception
○Importance of access
■Challenges
●Costs
●Insurance coverage
●Accessibility
■Some states have cut funding for family planning clinics, which in the past
made contraception more available
○As a global issue
■Use has increased worldwide but still low in many developing nations
where contraception may not even be available
○Choosing a method
■What characteristics would an ideal method have for you?
●Few side effects
●Help with other effects of menstrual cycle
●Low pregnancy rate
●STD protection
●Low cost and accessible
●Safe
●Reversible
●Usable by either sex
●Not dependent on memory like birth control pills
■Effectiveness
●Can be calculated in two ways
○Perfect use (theoretical effectiveness)
○Actual use (which takes into consideration human error)
●Based on 100 couples using the method for a year and show the
percentage of women who do not get pregnant while using the
method for 1 year
●People often overestimate effectiveness because they think of
perfect or theoretical effectiveness
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○Oral contraception
■Background
●Most commonly used
●4 basic types
○Constant dose combination pill
○Triphasic pill
○Extended cycle pill
○Progestin only pill
●No significant differences in side effects
■Constant dose
●Daily dose of estrogen
●Two hormones
○Synthetic estrogen and progestin
●Amount of estrogen has been decreased since 1960
■Triphasic pill
●Varies dosages of estrogen and progestin during menstrual cycle
●Since 1984
●Reduce to the total dosage and any side effects
■Extended cycle pill
●Reduces menstrual cycle to 1-4 times a year
●Taken continuously for 3 months or one year without placebo pills
■Progestin only pill
●Small dose of progestin and no estrogen
○⅓ amount in average strength
○Since 1973
○Constant dose formula
■How they work
●Inhibiting ovulation
●Thickening and chemically altering the cervical muscles so the
passage of sperm into the uterus
●Progestin only pills work different
○Women on this pill continue to ovulate occasionally
■How to use
●Follow Dr. orders
●Take the pills as instructed
○Other methods
■The patch
●Worn for three weeks
○Following a period
●Buttocks, abdomen, upper arm, torso
■Vaginal ring
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
99% of women of reproductive age have used at some point. Typical heterosexual women may need a form of contraception for 30 years. Off all pregnancies in the us are unplanned. Women who use birth control consistently and correctly have only 5% of the unplanned pregnancies. Increased contraceptive use among teenagers but we still have one of the highest rates of teen pregnancies among developed nations. Some states have cut funding for family planning clinics, which in the past made contraception more available. Use has increased worldwide but still low in many developing nations where contraception may not even be available. Help with other effects of menstrual cycle. Not dependent on memory like birth control pills. Actual use (which takes into consideration human error) Based on 100 couples using the method for a year and show the percentage of women who do not get pregnant while using the method for 1 year.
