GEOL 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter pg. 90-100, 449, 500-502: Seismic Wave, Silicate Minerals, Geothermal Gradient
1 Feb 2017
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Internal heat sets rock masses in motion. Compression: rushes on rocks from opposite directions causing the rocks to be shortened. Tension: pulls on rocks in opposite directions resulting the rocks to be stretched or lengthened. Shear: rocks being squeezed in an uneven manner, causing the rocks to become skewed such that different sides of a rock body slide or move in opposite direction. Rocks near surface are elastic, so when force on them is removed they will go back to their original state. Elastic limit: point at which they no longer behave elastically and deformation becomes permanent. Plastic deformation: when ductile rocks are deformed. Rocks texture and mineral composition determine the elastic limits. Fault: deformed rocks slide past another along a fractured plane. All faults involve some type of slippage or movement, whereas fractures do not. Overburden or confining pressure: subsurface rocks have to bear the weight of the overlying column of rocks.
