PHIL-P 140 Chapter 4: P140 Utilitarianism Ch. 4 Notes (Sept. 1)
Document Summary
P(cid:1005)4(cid:1004) john stuart mill"s utilitarianism chapter 4 notes- of what sort of proof the principle of utility is. Not possible to prove any first principles by reason. Only proof of desirability of something is human desire for it. It is a fact that happiness is good- all people desire their own happiness: happiness is at least one goal and requirement of morality. To show this, must show people only desire happiness. Mill: people desire virtue, which is often distinguished from happiness; we only want virtue because it is part of happiness. Happiness is a whole with parts; virtue is a part, promotes general happiness, so desire of virtue encouraged. Anything desired for reasons other than achieving happiness is because it is part of happiness: proving utilitarianism involves psychology. Answered by inward reflection and observation of other people. Only possible objection: moral will different from physical/emotional desire; virtuous people.
