ANTH 1003 Chapter : Ch 9
Document Summary
Political organization: communities want to keep their existence, about power, refers to the ways in which power is used in all societies so they can maintain themselves collectively over time. Power- is the ability to exercise one"s will over others and cause individuals or groups to take action that they might not take otherwise. Authority: may be defined as the socially approved use of power, it is based on personal characteristics such as honor, status, knowledge, ability, respect, and/or the holding of formal public office. Social differentiation: the relative access individual and groups have to basic material resources, wealth, power, and prestige. Rank: institutionalized differences in prestige but no restriction on access to basic resources, individuals obtain what they need to survive through their kinship group, associated with horticulture or pastoral societies with a surplus of food, associated with chiefdoms. Social control: ways societies deal with abnormal behavior and conflict, gossip and ridicule, fear of witchcraft accusations, avoidance, supernatural sanctions.
