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15 Mar 2019
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Systematic errors are errors in the output readings of s measurements system that occur consistently on one side of the correct reading. This means they are all either too high or too low, positive or negative, occur on only one end of the measurement spectrum. They occur mainly from two reasons: system disturbance and effect of environmental changes (also known as modifying inputs). Examples of systematic errors causes would be bent meter needles, use of uncalibrated instruments, and poor cabling practices. Random errors (precision errors) are perturbations of the measurement on either side of the true value due to unpredictable effects. This means that both positive and negative, high and low, too little and too much readings occur simultaneously not favoring one end of the measurement spectrum. These errors are typically caused by human error.

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