BIOL 1001 Chapter : Biology Chapter 10
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Document Summary
Inheritance- characteristics of individuals are passed to their offspring. A gene"s physical location on a chromosome is called its locus (loci) Allele- different versions of a gene at a given locus. If both homologues have the same allele at a given location it is homozygous. If two homologues have different alleles at a locus it is heterozygous. Incomplete dominance- when the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotype (hair texture) Multiple alleles- many alleles of a single gene as a result of mutations (blood type) Codominance- when heterozygotes express phenotypes of both of the homozygotes (ab blood type) Polygenic inheritance- the interaction of two or more genes contributes to a single phenotype (skin color, height, weight) Pleitrophy- single genes have multiple phenotypic effects (sry gene on y chromosome) Pedigree- diagram that shoes the genetic relationships among a set of related individuals. Nondisjunction- an error in meiosis in which chromosomes fail to segregate properly into the daughter cells.
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Related Questions
These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.â
Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?
Select the four correct statements.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance. |
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios. |
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios. |
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios. |
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon. |
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon. |