BIOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 6 Energy Flow And Cells

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Chapter 6- energy in the life of a cell: matter and energy. __matter_ is anything that takes up space and has mass. _energy_ is the capacity to do work: work- the transfer of energy to an object. There are two major categories of energy: __potential energy__, ______kinetic energy__ __potential energy_____ is energy stored in matter because of its _location or position__. Potential energy in biological systems can be __stored in chemical bonds______ Energy conversions happen at the cost of useful energy (f. 6. 2) Energy is constantly flowing in from the sun. A_universe is a closed system and the solar system is almost a closed system. All other closed systems are created in labs. A closed system is a system which is completely isolated from its surroundings. In an open system energy _can be transferred between the system and the surrounding____.

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As entropy increases there will be more useful energy to doâworkâ. True or false?

False. As entropy increases, there will generally be less usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. Imagine a car motor, which attempts toturn chemical potential energy into kinetic energy (movement). Lessefficient motors will get hotter for the same amount of fuelconsumed. When you drive a car you hope that most of the fuelenergy is converted into kinetic energy and not lost as heat(entropy). The hotter the car (and thus the more entropy) the lessefficient the ability to do âworkâ (the moving of the vehicle).

True. As entropy increases, there will generally be more usefulenergy to do work. We can think of entropy as usually being presentin the form of heat energy. In most biological and mechanicalsystems it is heat energy which is captured to do useful 'work'.Heat energy, the random movement of molecules, and increases inentropy are central to doing useful work.

Biological systems sometimes appear on the surface to break theSecond Law of Thermodynamics â by seemingly increasing the order inthe overall system. They donât. Why?

a. Earth (and living things on it) are not a closed system. Thesun's constant input of energy in the form of photons is harnessedby living things to create internal order within themselves. Butwithout such a constant input of energy, most biological systems onearth would break down.

b. The Second Law tells us that no natural process can occurunless it is also associated with an increase in the entropy of theuniverse. A living organism (such as an animal or plant) brings inmatter and energy from its environment and uses this to creategreater order within its body: the processes of life. But it isimportant to keep in mind that all animals and plants are also partof a larger system of the environment around them. While creating asmall âpocketâ of order, the processes of life (metabolism,movement, etc..) releases heat into the environment â thusincreasing the entropy of the universe and following the2^nd law.

c. Living things, by harnessing energy to create order (withinand around themselves) actually create a paradox in questionssurrounding the first and second laws of thermodynamics andseemingly violate many previously held assumptions.

d. Both a and b above are correct.

When plants capture energy in the photons of sunlight andconvert that energy into the chemical bonds of organic molecules,are they creating new energy?

No, the energy is being transferred from one form into another.But no new energy is being created.

No, the overall total energy is decreasing over time.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating newenergy.

Yes, by capturing photons, the plants are creating new energy -of a different wavelength.

ceruleanhamster867

Question 1 When energy changes from one form to another, some of the energy that can be used to do work is always lost. The loss of this energy is mostly in the form of _________.
a. heat
b. potential energy
c. kinetic energy
d. light energy
e. mechanical energy

Question 2 Which of the following is exergonic?
a. binding fatty acids and glycerol molecules together to form lipids
b. building proteins from amino acids
c. binding sugars molecules together to form glycogen
d. breaking bonds in starch to release glucose
e. adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 3 The first law of thermodynamics states that:
a. energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
b. the universe is increasing in entropy.
c. all living organisms must eat to derive energy.
d. energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient.
e. in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 4 Which of the following is true of energy?
a. It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency.
b. It can be created.
c. It can be stored in chemical bonds.
d. It can never be stored.
e. It can be released by forming chemical bonds.

Question 5 Metabolism is:
a. the sum of all the energy a cell uses.
b. the sum of all the vitamins a cell contains.
c. the sum of all the enzymes a cell contains.
d. the sum of all the chemical reactions that an organism carries out.
e. the sum of all the ATP a cell contains.

Question 6 Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.
a. disorder
b. order
c. energy
d. work
e. heat

Question 7 What percentage of the energy stored in glucose are humans cells able to use to do useful work?
a. 37%
b. 100%
c. 15%
d. 52%
e. 48%

Question 8 What is activation energy?
a. the energy gained by living things, allowing them to remain active
b. the energy produced by the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
c. the energy required to initiate or begin a chemical reaction
d. the energy created by enzymes during exergonic reactions
e. the energy lost by living things in the form of heat

Question 9 Which of the following is true of allosteric enzymes?
a. Their activity can be reduced when the product binds the enzyme.
b. Their activity can be reduced when a coenzyme binds to them.
c. Their activity can be reduced when the substrate binds the enzyme.
d. Their activity can be increased when the product binds the enzyme.

Question 10 Which of the following is a true statement about enzymes?
a. They are made of proteins.
b. They are altered by the reactions they catalyze.
c. They increase the energy of activation of chemical reactions.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above is true.

Question 11 What is the energy currency of cells?
a. ADP
b. enzymes
c. glucose
d. vitamins
e. ATP

Question 12 Kinetic energy is ____________, while potential energy is _____________.
a. stored energy; energy that is being used
b. stored energy; energy that can't be used
c. energy that is being used; stored energy
d. energy that can't be used; stored energy

Question 13 The energy released during ________ reactions can be used to drive ________ reactions, and this is called ________ reactions.
a. exergonic; endergonic; coupled
b. endergonic; exergonic; coupled
c. exergonic; endergonic; mutually dependent
d. coupled; mutually dependent; independent
e. endergonic; exergonic; mutually dependent

Question 14 ADP + P + Energy --> ATP Which of the following is a true statement about the chemical reaction above?
a. This is a coupled reaction.
b. This is an exergonic reaction.
c. The product of the reaction contains more energy than that of all of the reactants combined.
d. This is an endergonic reaction.
e. This is an example of a catabolic reaction.

greychimpanzee211

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Question 211 pts

Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.

True

False

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Question 221 pts

Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.

True

False

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Question 231 pts

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

True

False

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Question 241 pts

A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.

True

False

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Question 251 pts

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

True

False

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Question 261 pts

Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.

True

False

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Question 271 pts

There are 20 different amino acids.

True

False

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Question 281 pts

The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

True

False

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Question 291 pts

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Cells are the smallest units of structure and function

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival.

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Question 301 pts

What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutrons and electrons

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

protons and morons

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Question 311 pts

Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:

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Question 321 pts

An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:

inert

unable to form bonds with other atoms

reactive

extremely stable

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Question 331 pts

All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as

metabolism

homeostasis

heredity

cellular organization

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Question 341 pts

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?

made of one or more cells

grow and reproduce

posses DNA

need oxygen to survive

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Question 351 pts

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:

global warming due to increased CO2

increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth.

act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth.

increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth.

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Question 361 pts

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:

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Question 371 pts

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.

True

False

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Question 381 pts

If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?

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Question 391 pts

The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.

reduction; oxidation

transduction; adduction

oxidation; reduction

removal; addition

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Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

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BIOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 6 Energy Flow And Cells

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