BIOL 1201 Chapter : Chapter 18
Document Summary
Repressors bind to the operator and block rna polymerase. Inducer binds lac repressor and causes it to release from operator. Cap + camp = turns lac operon on high (attracts rna polymerase) All cells in a eukaryote are genetically identical. Alternative mrna splicing mrna half-life translation blocks: proteins or rna protein degradation. Rna interference (rnai) mirna (microrna) sirnas (small interfering rnas) pirna (piwi-rna) Development = differentiation and growth developmental program = cell division, cell differentiation, and morphogenesis morphogenesis = induction of organismal/organ/tissue shapes. Embryonic stem cell myoblast muscle cell differentiation = marker proteins. Axis determination/segment formation = about 120 genes homeotic genes mutants, embryonic lethals. Maternal effect genes = egg-polarity genes bicoid = anterior body development biocoid = a morphogen = a cytoplasmic determinant morphogen gradient biocoid mrna biocoid protein. Cancer = abnormal gene regulation of the same "embryonic development" systems cell growth, cell cycle, and cell division genes proto-oncogene oncogene translocation, amplification, mutation.