BIOL 1201 Chapter : Chapter 5

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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--macromolecules: large organic molecules which are usually polymers. (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids) --polymer: large molecules consisting of many identical or similar subunits connected together; long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. --monomer: a subunit (or building block) of a polymer. Polymerization: the bonding of many small subunits (monomers) to form long molecules (polymers). >>>>>the reaction that forms a polymer from monomers is a polymerization reaction. Most biological polymerization reactions are condensation reactions also called a dehydration synthesis reaction (see fig 5. 2). Reactions in which the covalent linkage of the monomers is accompanied by the removal of a water molecule. Each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is lost: one molecule provides a hydroxyl group and the other provides a hydrogen. Facilitated by enzymes: specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells. The breaking of the covalent bond between two monomers by the addition of water.

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