BIOL 1202 Chapter : Ch 44

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azuremammoth471

15 Mar 2019

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Concept 44. 1: osmoregulation balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes. Inside a cell you construct, you place a 1m sugar solution. You place the cell in a 2m sugar solution. _water leaves the cell faster than it enters_. April 27, 2011: water enters the cell faster than it leaves, water leaves the cell faster than it enters, water leaves and enters at the same rate, sugar diffuses into the cell. Osmosis: the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane: water moves from an area where solute concentration is low to an area where solute concentration is high, special case of diffusion. Osmoconformers: sotonic to their surroundings, do not regulate the osmolarity. Osmoregulators: use energy to control uptake and loss of water. Stenohaline: cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity. Euryhaline: can tolerate wide fluctuations in external osmolarity. Marine bony fishes: hypoosmotic to sea water, lose water by osmosis.

Related Questions

Cell Membranes Lab Report

Diffusion

Compare the following terms: solvent, solute, andsolution.

Go to Lab, Section I, Exercise 1 to explore the factorsinfluencing the rate of diffusion and complete the following:

Predict how molecular mass and temperature may affect theoutcome of this experiment.

Record the data from information in the Lab in the tablebelow.

Time (min)	Diameter (mm)
Time (min)	5Â°C MB	5Â°C PP	23Â°CMB	23Â°C PP
0
15
30
45

Construct a line graph of the data from the table above. Yourgraph should include labeled axes, units, and a legend indicatingwhich treatment is presented. Sign, date and prepare an image ofyour graph and include it with this lab report.

Osmosis

Go to Lab, Section II, Exercise 2 to view a demonstration ofosmosis and answer the following questions:

Describe the net movement of water in osmometer 1.

How is the movement of water molecules related to theconcentration gradient of the solution?

Go to Lab, Section II, Exercise 3 to observe the effect ofsolute concentration on the rate of osmosis. Answer the followingquestions:

Was the net movement of water in bags 1 to 4 into or out of thebags?

Explain the results from bags 4 and 5.

Selective Permeability of Membranes

Go to Lab, Section III, Exercise 4 to learn about theimportance of selectively permeable membranes, then complete thetable and answer the following questions:

	Contents of Beaker
	0 Min	30 Min
Starch
Chloride ion

Which substances diffused through the dialysis membrane?

How does dialysis tubing model the selective permeability of aplasma membrane?

Tonicity

Go to Lab, Section IV, Exercise 5 and 6 to observe plasmolysisin Elodea cells and tonicity in red blood cells. Summarizethe concept of tonicity using blood and Elodea cells asexamples. Your description should incorporate these terms: turgid,plasmolysis, hemolysis, and crenation.

Cells	Isotonic Solution	Hypertonic Solution	Hypotonic Solution
Elodea
RBC

Based on your previous work, reproduce the table below and drawan illustration of a single cell in each box. Include arrows toshow the direction of water flow relative to each cell and dots tosymbolize solutes. Sign, date and prepare an image of your drawingand include it with this lab report.

Cells	Isotonic Solution	Hypertonic Solution	Hypotonic Solution
Elodea
RBC

Summary Questions

Compare diffusion and osmosis. Give an example of each.

2. In which direction will osmosisoccur if a 15% sugar solution is separated from a 25% sugarsolution by a selectively permeable membrane?

3. Why did osmosis, but not diffusionof sucrose molecules, occur across the dialysis membrane containing20% sucrose solution?

4. You are having a party and thecelery is limp. What might you do to make the celery crisp (turgid)again? What will occur in the cells?

5. A small amount of fertilizer(mineral salts) will stimulate plant growth, but over fertilizationcan kill plants? Why?

6. Michael adds sugar to his coffee.Explain what in this drink is the solvent, solute, and solution.

7. You add a cube of sugar to yourdrink. How could you speed up the diffusion of sugar moleculeswithout stirring?

8. How is dynamic equilibriumestablished within a solution?

amberdeer449

Question 1

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

	A.	glucose cannot enter the cell.
	B.	the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
	C.	plasma membranes must be very thick.

Question 2

Oxygen molecules O₂ crosse a plasma membrane by

	A.	passive transport
	B.	osmosis
	C.	active transport

Question 3

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ________ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient.

		A. energy and channel proteins; against (up)
		B. transport proteins that make channels ; down
		C. energy ; down

Question 4

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will

		A. move to the side with lower water concentration
	B.	move to the side with higher water concentration
	C.	move to the side with lower solute concentration

Question 5

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

	A.	chemical energy is a particular form of kinetic energy.
	B.	kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is the potential energy of molecules.
	C.	kinetic energy is stored energy that has the potential to do work, and chemical energy is the energy of movement.

Question 6

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction.

	A.	exergonic; endergonic
	B.	endergonic; exergonic
	C.	spontaneous; exergonic

Question 7

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction

		A. it raises the activation energy of the reaction.
		B. it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
		C. it is used once and discarded.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false?

		A. An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
		B. Enzymes are very specific for their substrates.
		C. Enzymes are used up when they catalyze a chemical reaction so must be synthesized for each new chemical reaction

True or False: The solution of salt water inside of the hollowpotato has a lower concentration of water molecules so the water onthe outside of the potato should move into the potato cells. Or thewater molecules inside of the grape or pea will move to the outsidewhere there are fewer water molecules and more salt.

True or False: The water on the inside of the potato with thesalt molecules is an isotonic solution the same as the solution onthe outside of the potato.

True or False: Water will not move by simple diffusion (osmosis)into or out of cells it requires energy or proteintransporters.

T or F The salt and water solution inside of the hollow potatois a hypotonic solution.

T or F: Osmosis is the movement of large molecules across a semipermeable membrane which require embedded proteins.

T or F The plain water in this experiment is the solvent and thesalt is the solute.

T or F Active transport requires no energy and the moleculesmove with the concentration gradient from low concentration to ahigh concentration.

T/F Passive transport requires no energy and the molecules movewith the concentration gradient or from high concentration to lowconcentration

T/F A hypotonic solution has a higher level of solutes so thewater moves out of the cells to the surroundings.

T/F A hypertonic solution has a higher level of solutes so thewater moves out of the cells to the surroundings.

Why does a slug die when you put salt on her/him? (Think aboutwhat happened in this lab) :

A. The salt on the outside of the slug causes the water frominside of the cells to move out of the cells. The dehydration ofthe slug causes death

B. The slug does not die but becomes enlarged from the movementof water into the slug cells caused by a hypertonic solution

C. The salt and moisture on the outside of the slug cause anisotonic state and the water leaves the slug quickly byosmosis.

D. Sigh. The poor slug, sacrificed for science by many youngnature lovers around the world. Obviously this happens as theoutside solution is hypotonic and the inside of the slug's cellsare hypertonic. Energy is used for active transport leading toosmosis.

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BIOL 1202 Chapter : Ch 44

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