CHEM 1201 Chapter : Chapter 13 Lecture
Document Summary
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute (present in smallest amount) and solvent (present in largest amount). Solutes and solvents are the components of the solution. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute. In the process of making solutions, intermolecular forces become rearranged. The water h-bonds have to be interrupted, We say the ions are solvated by water. Polar liquids tend to dissolve in polar solvents, (like dissolves like). Intermolecular forces are important: water and ethanol are miscible because hydrogen bonding in both pure liquids are re-established in the mixture. Factors to consider in determining solubility in various solvents: the number of carbon atoms in a chain affect solubility: the more c atoms, the less soluble in water. 4 - : the number of -oh groups within a molecule increases solubility in water (via hydrogen bonding). Note that oh groups capable of hydrogen bonding with water are prominent on the "surface" of the molecule.