COMD 2051 Chapter : Audiometry
Europe 10/9/2013 3:52:00 AM
Europe has a smaller land area, but a larger population (530 million people)
than North America.
Different bc it isn’t one big landmass; there are many peninsulas. Europe is
located next to lots of water, rivers, seas, etc. This means:
• Ocean and water navigation have been important to Europe since
its inception.
• The water moderates the climate. It is milder than expected from
their latitude. There is also a warm current which helps.
Lands
• Much of Europe is wide flat plains.
o European lowlands
• Alps, Pyrenees, and mountain belt along Norway
People
• 530 million people
Europe of today is relatively recent.
• European cultures trace their roots to the ancient civilizations of
Greece and Rome.
o Their traditions inspired notions of private property and the
practice of colonizing new lands.
o In ancient Rome, after conquering a certain area, they
secured their control by establishing large plantation like
ramrs, which were run by Romans who lived in the town
which they conquered.
o Through colonialism, Europe controlled and influenced the
entire world
Colonialism
• Began with the policy of mercantilism—the idea that countries can
increase their wealth or power by acquiring colonies with human
and natural resources, and by managing all aspects of production,
transportation, and trade to their own advantage
o From about 1500-1800, mercantilism governed trade b/w
Europe and its colonies.
o They wanted as much gold and silver as possible in Europe
and the use of foreign trade and acquisition of colonies to
attain these riches
• Mercantilism led to large scale colonialism
o Colony—a distant land acquired by a more powerful country
for economic gain
o Colonialism—exploitation of the resources and labor of
another country through coercion (force)
o Europe’s colonies provide to “mother country”
• Colonialism
o (1)Done through force/coercion, the military power of the
mother country assured control
o (2)Economic control (which meant dependency)
▪ Colonies were prohibited to trade with someone besides
the mother country
o (3)To legitimize colonial rule
▪ They had to win support from the local people
Certain people would be given grants of land,
lifetime jobs in the colonial administration, and
material advantages for cooperating
Education; western style schools were set up to
create a psychological bond with Europe
o (4)Introduced “civilization”
▪ Brought in European economic and political changes
▪ Cultural changes
▪ Effects
Disrupted and undermined the fabrics of local
culture (i.e. hard to resist)
Europeans demanded taxes (in cash)
• Shifted local populations from a subsistence
economy to a cash crop economy
o European powers became extremely vested in their colonies.
It benefitted mainly Europeans, but it fostered an increasing
interdependence b/w the colonial powers and the colonies.
▪ It was not equal but there was interdependence
o Colonies lagged behind in economic production partly due to
the fact that the Europeans forced them to stay behind them
due to their mercantilists policies
▪ The colonies were forced into under-development (
development lag) and was maintained by the colonial
powers to maintain European power
Industrial Revolution
• Great Britain became the first industrial power in the world for six
reasons:
o Large agricultural surplus
1. Had renewed productivity, therefore less people had to
work on farms
o The rise of the merchant class
1. These were different from the previous rich people
(made money off of trade, instead of land) and
accumulated enough money to finance industry
o Changes in science and math
▪ Development of practical sciences and engineering
which enabled people to make better machines
o Transportation technology and expanding, guaranteed market
▪ Changes and improvements
o Industrialization brought increased military strength
▪ Insured greater control over colonies
o Colonies themselves provided cheap labor and resources
• The IR takes place in Europe but happens bc of the colonies
• The IR is the rise of the factory system. Things that used to be
made by hand or in the home was now made by people in factories
o It brought about the mass production of goods by mechanical
means
▪ Led to great wealth in Europe
• By 19th century, GB emerged as the world dominant colonial power
Document Summary
Europe has a smaller land area, but a larger population (530 million people) than north america. Different bc it isn"t one big landmass; there are many peninsulas. Europe is located next to lots of water, rivers, seas, etc. This means: ocean and water navigation have been important to europe since its inception, the water moderates the climate. It is milder than expected from their latitude. There is also a warm current which helps. Lands: much of europe is wide flat plains, european lowlands, alps, pyrenees, and mountain belt along norway. Europe of today is relatively recent: european cultures trace their roots to the ancient civilizations of. Certain people would be given grants of land, lifetime jobs in the colonial administration, and material advantages for cooperating. Education; western style schools were set up to create a psychological bond with europe: (4)introduced civilization , brought in european economic and political changes, cultural changes, effects.
