GEOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 3
Document Summary
In geology minerals are defined as: naturally occurring, found in nature, not artificial, artificial minerals termed synthetic, solid, not a liquid or a gas. Includes compounds that vary in a defined way: rock vs. Mineral: rocks= aggregates of minerals, granite (rock) is made of quartz, M=8: orbital with most complete outer shell is the most stable. Ionic radius- distance from center to outer ridge of ion: anion radii tend to. Ionic substitution- substitution of similar ions in minerals: substitution is possible if ions are of similar size and charge. 95% of earth"s minerals are silicates: polymerization determines the class of tetrahedra. Isolated: single chains, double chains, sheet, framework, cyclosilicates or ring silicates, beryl- hexagonal mineral, + small amounts of cu= emerald, tourmaline, muscovite- common metamorphic crystal, minerals as valuable resources, types of ore minerals, vein deposits, disseminated deposits. Igneous deposits: sedimentary deposits, groundwater dissolves metal oxides and sulfides.
