GEOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 8 Geol 1
Document Summary
Earthquakes: earth shaking caused by a rapid release of energy. Energy moves outward as an expanding sphere of waves. This waveform energy can be measured around the globe. Tectonic stress that causes rocks to break causes an earthquake: seismicity(earthquake activity) occurs due to motion along a newly formed crustal fracture (or fault), Motion on an existing fault, a sudden change in mineral structure, inflation of a magma chamber, Volcanic eruption, giant landslides, meteorite impacts, nuclear detonations. Hypocenter: focus spot within the earth where earthquake waves originate. Faults are like planer breaks in blocks of crust, most slope. Sloping faults: classified as footwall, hanging wall, and fault scrap. Normal fault: (stretching) hanging wall moves down relative to footwall. Reverse fault: (squeezing or shortening) hanging wall moves up relative to footwall. Thrust fault: hanging wall moves up relative to footwall( not steep) Strike-slip fault: blocks slide laterally past one another, no vertical motion.
